ap biology multiple choice questions

I used tothink ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching across mykitchen counter looked so confident. I just figured they had a plan,knew where they were going and what needed to be done. How else couldants organize highways build elaborate nests stage epic raids and doall the other things ants do? Turns out I was wrong. Antsaren't clever little engineers architects or warriors after all—atleast not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next,most ants don't have a clue. "If you watch an ant try to accomplishsomething you'll be impressed by how inept it is," says Deborah M. Gordon a biologist at Stanford University. How do we explain,then the success of Earth's 12,000 or so known ant species? They musthave learned something in 140 million years. "Ants aren'tsmart," Gordon says. "Ant colonies are." A colony can solve problemsunthinkable for individual ants such as finding the shortest path tothe best food source allocating workers to different tasks ordefending a territory from neighbors. As individuals ants might betiny dummies but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively totheir environment. They do it with something called swarm intelligence. Where this intelligence comes from raises a fundamentalquestion in nature: How do the simple actions of individuals add up tothe complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honeybees make acritical decision about their hive if many of them disagree? Whatenables a school of herring to coordinate its movements so precisely itcan change direction in a flash like a single silvery organism? Thecollective abilities of such animals—none of which grasps the bigpicture but each of which contributes to the group's success—seemmiraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during thepast few decades researchers have come up with intriguing insights. Onekey to an ant colony for example is that no one's in charge. Nogenerals command ant warriors. No managers boss ant workers. The queenplays no role except to lay eggs. Even with half a million ants acolony functions just fine with no management at all—at least none thatwe would recognize. It relies instead upon countless interactionsbetween individual ants each of which is following simple rules ofthumb. Scientists describe such a system as self-organizing. Consider the problem of job allocation. In the Arizona desert where Deborah Gordon studies red harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex barbatus),a colony calculates each morning how many workers to send out foragingfor food. The number can change depending on conditions. Have foragersrecently discovered a bonanza of tasty seeds? More ants may be neededto haul the bounty home. Was the nest damaged by a storm last night?Additional maintenance workers may be held back to make repairs. An antmight be a nest worker one day a trash collector the next. But howdoes a colony make such adjustments if no one's in charge? Gordon has atheory. Ants communicate by touch and smell. When one antbumps into another it sniffs with its antennae to find out if theother belongs to the same nest and where it has been working. (Antsthat work outside the nest smell different from those that stayinside.) Before they leave the nest each day foragers normally waitfor early morning patrollers to return. As patrollers enter the nest,they touch antennae briefly with foragers. "When a forager hascontact with a patroller it's a stimulus for the forager to go out,"Gordon says. "But the forager needs several contacts no more than tenseconds apart before it will go out." To see how this works,Gordon and her collaborator Michael Greene of the University ofColorado at Denver captured patroller ants as they left a nest onemorning. After waiting half an hour they simulated the ants' return bydropping glass beads into the nest entrance at regular intervals—somecoated with patroller scent some with maintenance worker scent somewith no scent. Only the beads coated with patroller scent stimulatedforagers to leave the nest. Their conclusion: Foragers use the rate oftheir encounters with patrollers to tell if it's safe to go out. (Ifyou bump into patrollers at the right rate it's time to go foraging. If not better wait. It might be too windy or there might be a hungrylizard waiting out there.) Once the ants start foraging and bringingback food other ants join the effort depending on the rate at whichthey encounter returning foragers. "A forager won't come backuntil it finds something," Gordon says. "The less food there is thelonger it takes the forager to find it and get back. The more foodthere is the faster it comes back. So nobody's deciding whether it's agood day to forage. The collective is but no particular ant is." That'show swarm intelligence works: simple creatures following simple rules,each one acting on local information. No ant sees the big picture. Noant tells any other ant what to do. Some ant species may go about thiswith more sophistication than others. (Temnothorax albipennis,for example can rate the quality of a potential nest site usingmultiple criteria.) But the bottom line says Iain Couzin a biologistat Oxford and Princeton Universities is that no leadership isrequired. "Even complex behavior may be coordinated by relativelysimple interactions," he says. Inspired by the elegance ofthis idea. Marco Dorigo a computer scientist at the Université Librein Brussels used his knowledge of ant behavior in 1991 to createmathematical procedures for solving particularly complex humanproblems such as routing trucks scheduling airlines or guidingmilitary robots. In Houston for example a company namedAmerican Air Liquide has been using an ant-based strategy to manage acomplex business problem. The company produces industrial and medicalgases mostly nitrogen oxygen and hydrogen at about a hundredlocations in the United States and delivers them to 6,000 sites usingpipelines railcars and 400 trucks. Deregulated power markets in someregions (the price of electricity changes every 15 minutes in parts ofTexas) add yet another layer of complexity."Right nowin Houston the price is $44 a megawatt for an industrial customer,"says Charles N. Harper who oversees the supply system at Air Liquide."Last night the price went up to $64 and Monday when the cold frontcame through it went up to $210." The company needed a way to pull itall together. Working with the Bios Group (now NuTechSolutions) a firm that specialized in artificial intelligence. AirLiquide developed a computer model based on algorithms inspired by theforaging behavior of Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) a species that deposits chemical substances called pheromones. "Whenthese ants bring food back to the nest they lay a pheromone trail thattells other ants to go get more food," Harper explains. "The pheromonetrail gets reinforced every time an ant goes out and comes back kindof like when you wear a trail in the forest to collect wood. So wedeveloped a program that sends out billions of software ants to findout where the pheromone trails are strongest for our truck routes." Antshad evolved an efficient method to find the best routes in theirneighborhoods. Why not follow their example? So Air Liquide combinedthe ant approach with other artificial intelligence techniques toconsider every permutation of plant scheduling weather and truckrouting—millions of possible decisions and outcomes a day. Every night,forecasts of customer demand and manufacturing costs are fed into themodel. "It takes four hours to run even with the biggestcomputers we have," Harper says. "But at six o'clock every morning weget a solution that says how we're going to manage our day." Fortruck drivers the new system took some getting used to. Instead ofdelivering gas from the plant closest to a customer as they used todo drivers were now asked to pick up shipments from whichever plantwas making gas at the lowest delivered price even if it was fartheraway. "You want me to drive a hundred miles? To the drivers,it wasn't intuitive," Harper says. But for the company the savingshave been impressive. "It's huge. It's actually huge." Othercompanies also have profited by imitating ants. In Italy andSwitzerland fleets of trucks carrying milk and dairy products heatingoil and groceries all use ant-foraging rules to find the best routesfor deliveries. In England and France telephone companies have madecalls go through faster on their networks by programming messages todeposit virtual pheromones at switching stations just as ants leavesignals for other ants to show them the best trails. In theU. S.. Southwest Airlines has tested an ant-based model to improveservice at Sky Harbor International Airport in Phoenix. With about 200aircraft a day taking off and landing on two runways and using gates atthree concourses the company wanted to make sure that each plane gotin and out as quickly as possible even if it arrived early or late. "Peopledon't like being only 500 yards away from a gate and having to sit outthere until another aircraft leaves," says Doug Lawson of Southwest. SoLawson created a computer model of the airport giving each aircraftthe ability to remember how long it took to get into and away from eachgate. Then he set the model in motion to simulate a day's activity. "Theplanes are like ants searching for the best gate," he says. But ratherthan leaving virtual pheromones along the way each aircraft remembersthe faster gates and forgets the slower ones. After many simulations,using real data to vary arrival and departure times each plane learnedhow to avoid an intolerable wait on the tarmac. Southwest was sopleased with the outcome it may use a similar model to study theticket counter area. WHEN IT COMES TO SWARM intelligence,ants aren't the only insects with something useful to teach us. On asmall breezy island off the southern coast of Maine. Thomas Seeley abiologist at Cornell University has been looking into the uncannyability of honeybees to make good decisions. With as many as 50,000workers in a single hive honeybees have evolved ways to work throughindividual differences of opinion to do what's best for the colony. Ifonly people could be as effective in boardrooms church committees andtown meetings. Seeley says we could avoid problems making decisions inour own lives. During the past decade. Seeley. Kirk Visscherof the University of California. Riverside and others have beenstudying colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) to see how theychoose a new home. In late spring when a hive gets too crowded acolony normally splits and the queen some drones and about half theworkers fly a short distance to cluster on a tree branch. There thebees bivouac while a small percentage of them go searching for new realestate. Ideally the site will be a cavity in a tree well off theground with a small entrance hole facing south and lots of roominside for brood and honey. Once a colony selects a site it usuallywon't move again so it has to make the right choice. To findout how. Seeley's team applied paint dots and tiny plastic tags toidentify all 4,000 bees in each of several small swarms that theyferried to Appledore Island home of the Shoals Marine Laboratory. There in a series of experiments they released each swarm to locatenest boxes they'd placed on one side of the half-mile-long (onekilometer) island which has plenty of shrubs but almost no trees orother places for nests. In one test they put out five nestboxes four that weren't quite big enough and one that was just aboutperfect. Scout bees soon appeared at all five. When they returned tothe swarm each performed a waggle dance urging other scouts to go havea look. (These dances include a code giving directions to a box'slocation.) The strength of each dance reflected the scout's enthusiasmfor the site. After a while dozens of scouts were dancing their littlefeet off some for one site some for another and a small cloud ofbees was buzzing around each box. Thedecisive moment didn't take place in the main cluster of bees but outat the boxes where scouts were building up. As soon as the number ofscouts visible near the entrance to a box reached about 15—a thresholdconfirmed by other experiments—the bees at that box sensed that aquorum had been reached and they returned to the swarm with the news. "It was a race," Seeley says. "Which site was going to build up 15 bees first?" Scoutsfrom the chosen box then spread through the swarm signaling that itwas time to move. Once all the bees had warmed up they lifted off fortheir new home which to no one's surprise turned out to be the bestof the five boxes. The bees' rules for decision-making—seek adiversity of options encourage a free competition among ideas and usean effective mechanism to narrow choices—so impressed Seeley that henow uses them at Cornell as chairman of his department. "I'veapplied what I've learned from the bees to run faculty meetings," hesays. To avoid going into a meeting with his mind made up hearing onlywhat he wants to hear and pressuring people to conform. Seeley askshis group to identify all the possibilities kick their ideas aroundfor a while then vote by secret ballot. "It's exactly what the swarmbees do which gives a group time to let the best ideas emerge and win. People are usually quite amenable to that." In fact almost any group that follows the bees' rules will make itself smarter says James Surowiecki author of The Wisdom of Crowds."The analogy is really quite powerful. The bees are predicting whichnest site will be best and humans can do the same thing even in theface of exceptionally complex decisions." Investors in the stockmarket scientists on a research project even kids at a county fairguessing the number of beans in a jar can be smart groups he says iftheir members are diverse independent minded and use a mechanism suchas voting auctioning or averaging to reach a collective decision. Takebettors at a horse race. Why are they so accurate at predicting theoutcome of a race? At the moment the horses leave the starting gate,the odds posted on the pari-mutuel board which are calculated from allbets put down almost always predict the race's outcome: Horses withthe lowest odds normally finish first those with second lowest oddsfinish second and so on. The reason. Surowiecki says is thatpari-mutuel betting is a nearly perfect machine for tapping into thewisdom of the crowd. "If you ever go to the track you find areally diverse group experts who spend all day perusing daily raceforms people who know something about some kinds of horses and otherswho are betting at random like the woman who only likes black horses,"he says. Like bees trying to make a decision bettors gather all kindsof information disagree with one another and distill their collectivejudgment when they place their bets. That's why it's so rare to win on a long shot. THERE'SA SMALL PARK near the White House in Washington. D. C. where I like towatch flocks of pigeons swirl over the traffic and trees. Sooner orlater the birds come to rest on ledges of buildings surrounding thepark. Then something disrupts them and they're off again insynchronized flight. The birds don't have a leader. No pigeonis telling the others what to do. Instead they're each paying closeattention to the pigeons next to them each bird following simple rulesas they wheel across the sky. These rules add up to another kind ofswarm intelligence—one that has less to do with making decisions thanwith precisely coordinating movement. Craig Reynolds acomputer graphics researcher was curious about what these rules mightbe. So in 1986 he created a deceptively simple steering program calledboids. In this simulation generic birdlike objects or boids wereeach given three instructions: 1) avoid crowding nearby boids. 2) flyin the average direction of nearby boids and 3) stay close to nearbyboids. The result when set in motion on a computer screen was aconvincing simulation of flocking including lifelike and unpredictablemovements. At the time. Reynolds was looking for ways to depict animals realistically in TV shows and films. (Batman Returnsin 1992 was the first movie to use his approach portraying a swarm ofbats and an army of penguins.) Today he works at Sony doing researchfor games such as an algorithm that simulates in real time as many as15,000 interacting birds fish or people. By demonstratingthe power of self-organizing models to mimic swarm behavior. Reynoldswas also blazing the trail for robotics engineers. A team of robotsthat could coordinate its actions like a flock of birds could offersignificant advantages over a solitary robot. Spread out over a largearea a group could function as a powerful mobile sensor net gatheringinformation about what's out there. If the group encountered somethingunexpected it could adjust and respond quickly even if the robots inthe group weren't very sophisticated just as ants are able to come upwith various options by trial and error. If one member of the groupwere to break down others could take its place. And most important,control of the group could be decentralized not dependent on a leader."In biology if you look at groups with large numbers thereare very few examples where you have a central agent," says VijayKumar a professor of mechanical engineering at the University ofPennsylvania. "Everything is very distributed: They don't all talk toeach other. They act on local information. And they're all anonymous. Idon't care who moves the chair as long as somebody moves the chair. Togo from one robot to multiple robots you need all three of thoseideas."Within fiveyears Kumar hopes to put a networked team of robotic vehicles in thefield. One purpose might be as first responders. "Let's say there's a911 call," he says. "The fire alarm goes off. You don't want humans torespond. You want machines to respond to tell you what's happening. Before you send firemen into a burning building why not send in agroup of robots?" Taking this idea one step further. MarcoDorigo's group in Brussels is leading a European effort to create a"swarmanoid," a group of cooperating robots with complementaryabilities: "foot-bots" to transport things on the ground. "hand-bots"to climb walls and manipulate objects and "eye-bots" to fly around,providing information to the other units. The military iseager to acquire similar capabilities. On January 20. 2004 researchersreleased a swarm of 66 pint-size robots into an empty office buildingat Fort A. P. Hill a training center near Fredericksburg. Virginia. The mission: Find targets hidden in the building. Zipping downthe main hallway the foot-long (0.3 meter) red robots pivoted this wayand that on their three wheels resembling nothing so much as largeinsects. Eight sonars on each unit helped them avoid collisions withwalls and other robots. As they spread out entering one room afteranother each robot searched for objects of interest with a small,Web-style camera. When one robot encountered another it used wirelessnetwork gear to exchange information. ("Hey. I've already explored thatpart of the building. Look somewhere else.") In the back ofone room a robot spotted something suspicious: a pink ball in an opencloset (the swarm had been trained to look for anything pink). Therobot froze sending an image to its human supervisor. Soon severalmore robots arrived to form a perimeter around the pink intruder. Within half an hour all six of the hidden objects had been found. Theresearch team conducting the experiment declared the run a success. Then they started a new test. The demonstration was part ofthe Centibots project an investigation to see if as many as a hundredrobots could collaborate on a mission. If they could teams of robotsmight someday be sent into a hostile village to flush out terrorists orlocate prisoners; into an earthquake-damaged building to find victims;onto chemical-spill sites to examine hazardous waste; or along bordersto watch for intruders. Military agencies such as DARPA (DefenseAdvanced Research Projects Agency) have funded a number of roboticsprograms using collaborative flocks of helicopters and fixed-wingaircraft schools of torpedo-shaped underwater gliders and herds ofunmanned ground vehicles. But at the time this was the largest swarmof robots ever tested. "When we started Centibots we were allthinking this is a crazy idea it's impossible to do," says RégisVincent a researcher at SRI International in Menlo Park. California."Now we're looking to see if we can do it with a thousand robots." INNATURE. OF COURSE animals travel in even larger numbers. That'sbecause as members of a big group whether it's a flock school orherd individuals increase their chances of detecting predators,finding food locating a mate or following a migration route. Forthese animals coordinating their movements with one another can be amatter of life or death. "It's much harder for a predator toavoid being spotted by a thousand fish than it is to avoid beingspotted by one," says Daniel Grünbaum a biologist at the University ofWashington. "News that a predator is approaching spreads quicklythrough a school because fish sense from their neighbors thatsomething's going on." When a predator strikes a school offish the group is capable of scattering in patterns that make italmost impossible to track any individual. It might explode in a flash,create a kind of moving bubble around the predator or fracture intomultiple blobs before coming back together and swimming away. Animalson land do much the same as Karsten Heuer a wildlife biologist,observed in 2003 when he and his wife. Leanne Allison followed thevast Porcupine caribou herd (Rangifer tarandus granti) for fivemonths. Traveling more than a thousand miles (1,600 kilometers) withthe animals they documented the migration from winter range inCanada's northern Yukon Territory to calving grounds in Alaska's ArcticNational Wildlife Refuge. "It's difficult to describe inwords but when the herd was on the move it looked very much like acloud shadow passing over the landscape or a mass of dominoes topplingover at the same time and changing direction," Karsten says. "It was asthough every animal knew what its neighbor was going to do and theneighbor beside that and beside that. There was no anticipation orreaction. No cause and effect. It just was." One day as theherd funneled through a gully at the tree line. Karsten and Leannespotted a wolf creeping up. The herd responded with a classic swarmdefense."As soon asthe wolf got within a certain distance of the caribou the herd'salertness just skyrocketed," Karsten says. "Now there was no movement. Every animal just stopped completely vigilant and watching." A hundredyards (90 meters) closer and the wolf crossed another threshold. "Thenearest caribou turned and ran and that response moved like a wavethrough the entire herd until they were all running. Reaction timesshifted into another realm. Animals closest to the wolf at the back endof the herd looked like a blanket unraveling and tattering which fromthe wolf's perspective must have been extremely confusing." The wolfchased one caribou after another losing ground with each change oftarget. In the end the herd escaped over the ridge and the wolf wasleft panting and gulping snow. For each caribou the stakescouldn't have been higher yet the herd's evasive maneuvers displayednot panic but precision. (Imagine the chaos if a hungry wolf werereleased into a crowd of people.) Every caribou knew when it was timeto run and in which direction to go even if it didn't know exactlywhy. No leader was responsible for coordinating the rest of the herd. Instead each animal was following simple rules evolved over thousandsof years of wolf attacks. That's the wonderful appeal of swarmintelligence. Whether we're talking about ants bees pigeons orcaribou the ingredients of smart group behavior—decentralized control,response to local cues simple rules of thumb—add up to a shrewdstrategy to cope with complexity. "We don't even know yet whatelse we can do with this," says Eric Bonabeau a complexity theoristand the chief scientist at Icosystem Corporation in Cambridge,Massachusetts. "We're not used to solving decentralized problems in adecentralized way. We can't control an emergent phenomenon like trafficby putting stop signs and lights everywhere. But the idea of shapingtraffic as a self-organizing system that's very exciting." Socialand political groups have already adopted crude swarm tactics. Duringmass protests eight years ago in Seattle anti-globalization activistsused mobile communications devices to spread news quickly about policemovements turning an otherwise unruly crowd into a "smart mob" thatwas able to disperse and re-form like a school of fish. Thebiggest changes may be on the Internet. Consider the way Google usesgroup smarts to find what you're looking for. When you type in a searchquery. Google surveys billions of Web pages on its index servers toidentify the most relevant ones. It then ranks them by the number ofpages that link to them counting links as votes (the most popularsites get weighted votes since they're more likely to be reliable). The pages that receive the most votes are listed first in the searchresults. In this way. Google says it "uses the collective intelligenceof the Web to determine a page's importance." Wikipedia afree collaborative encyclopedia has also proved to be a big success,with millions of articles in more than 200 languages about everythingunder the sun each of which can be contributed by anyone or edited byanyone. "It's now possible for huge numbers of people to think togetherin ways we never imagined a few decades ago," says Thomas Malone ofMIT's new Center for Collective Intelligence. "No single person knowseverything that's needed to deal with problems we face as a society,such as health care or climate change but collectively we know farmore than we've been able to tap so far." Such thoughtsunderline an important truth about collective intelligence: Crowds tendto be wise only if individual members act responsibly and make theirown decisions. A group won't be smart if its members imitate oneanother slavishly follow fads or wait for someone to tell them whatto do. When a group is being intelligent whether it's made up of antsor attorneys it relies on its members to do their own part. For thoseof us who sometimes wonder if it's really worth recycling that extrabottle to lighten our impact on the planet the bottom line is that ouractions matter even if we don't see how. Think about ahoneybee as she walks around inside the hive. If a cold wind hits thehive she'll shiver to generate heat and in the process help to warmthe nearby brood. She has no idea that hundreds of workers in otherparts of the hive are doing the same thing at the same time to thebenefit of the next generation. "A honeybee never sees the bigpicture any more than you or I do," says Thomas Seeley the bee expert."None of us knows what society as a whole needs but we look around andsay oh they need someone to volunteer at school or mow the churchlawn or help in a political campaign." If you're looking for a role model in a world of complexity you could do worse than to imitate a bee.

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How many sides of that big communicate will she mouth out of??? - 1 messages. 1 compose * Study shows tests found high lead levels in lipstick - 1 messages. 1 compose * Coleah Penley Ayers & Betty Jean Hammond create from raw material Wirsen are Deceitful Disinformation Agents... CAUTION - 4 messages. 3 authors * Who is Ilena Rosenthal - What is Humantics Foundation? - 1 messages. 1 author * Meet Angelo Anthony Zaffuto Director of Ilena Rosenthal's Foundation - 1 messages. 1 author A certain population of red daub cells in patients with sicklecell anemia has an elevated density and possesses an abnormal membrane. These "dense cells" have a tendency to adhere to neutrophils platelets and vascular endothelial cells and thus they could trigger vasoocclusion and the subsequent painful crisis from which these patients experience. We developed a laboratory method ofpreparing such dense cells and found that nutritional antioxidantsupplements hydroxyl radical scavengers and iron-binding agents could inhibitthe formation of dense cells in vitro. The concentrations at which effective nutritional supplements could inhibit dense cellformation by 50% were 4.0 mg/mL for aged garlic extract. 0.38 mg/mL forblack tea extract. 0.13 mg/mL for green tea extract. 0.07 mg/mL for Pycnogenol. 930 muM for alpha-lipoic acid. 270 muM for vitamin E,45 muM for coenzyme Q(10) and 32 muM for beta-carotene. Both an exvivo study and a pilot clinical trial demonstrated that a cocktail consisting of daily doses of 6 g of aged garlic extract. 4-6 g of vitamin C and 800 to 1200 IU of vitamin E may indeed be beneficialto the patients. and I undergo just used L-Glutamine.> Comparing notes with other schizophrenics. I open one that claimed a> acquire from trying L-Glutamine.>> Also some years ago at a GNC hold on they had a video display for> recommending supplements for various conditions. The GNC system listed> L-Glutamine as a recommended add for schizophrenia. The video> displays no long list this and Google searches do not confirm the affirm.>> I experience this is all anecdotal but it does seem to match up to the OP's affix.>> On the affect later in the thread asserting that schizophrenia is genetic,> the bear witness is not quite that clear. With one schizophrenic parent a child> has a 15% chance of developing it. If both parents are schizophrenic then> the odds move up to 30% or so I undergo read. There are many cases of> identical twins where one had the disease and the other does not. Of> course there are also cases where both twins are effected. In addition to> a statistical link to genetics there is a statistical cerebrate to difficult> childbirths. Another statistic shows increased odds of schizophrenia in> households with cats. They anticipate toxoplasmosis as the factor there.> In conclusion. I would like to assert that schizophrenia is a catch-all> diagnosis which covers many related conditions which may become from a> assort of diverse causes.>> Thanks for the investigate post.>> QN>> "ironjustice" <teamtan...@hotmail com> wrote in message>> news:1191949744.048048.182250@o80g2000hse googlegroups com...> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 5; [Epub ahead of print]> Impaired glutathione synthesis in schizophrenia: Convergent genetic> and functional evidence.> Gysin R. Kraftsik R. Sandell J. Bovet P. Chappuis C. Conus P. Deppen> P. Preisig M. Ruiz V. Steullet P. Tosic M. Werge T. Cuénod M. Do KQ.> Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience and function of General Psychiatry,> Department of Psychiatry. University Hospital bear on and University of> Lausanne. 1008 Prilly-Lausanne. Switzerland;>> Schizophrenia is a complex multifactorial brain disorder with a> genetic component. Convergent evidence has implicated oxidative stress> and glutathione (GSH) deficits in the pathogenesis of this disease.> The aim of the present chew over was to test whether schizophrenia is> associated with a deficit of GSH synthesis. Cultured skin fibroblasts> from schizophrenia patients and control subjects were challenged with> oxidative stress and parameters of the rate-limiting enzyme for the> GSH synthesis the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) were measured.> Stressed cells of patients had a 26% (P = 0.002) decreased GCL> activity as compared with controls. This reduction correlated with a> 29% (P < 0.001) decreased protein expression of the catalytic GCL> subunit (GCLC). Genetic analysis of a trinucleotide repeat (TNR)> polymorphism in the GCLC gene showed a significant association with> schizophrenia in two independent case-control studies. The most common> TNR genotype 7/7 was more back up in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 0.6,> P = 0.003] whereas the rarest TNR genotype 8/8 was three times more> back up in patients (OR = 3.0. P = 0.007). Moreover subjects with> disease-associated genotypes had displace GCLC protein expression (P => 0.017). GCL activity (P = 0.037) and GSH contents (P = 0.004) than> subjects with genotypes that were more frequent in controls. Taken> together the chew over provides genetic and functional evidence that an> impaired capacity to combine GSH under conditions of oxidative> stress is a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia.>> PMID: 17921251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]>> Who loves ya.> Tom>> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!>> Man Is A Herbivore!>> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING "firemonkey" <mehitable56@gmail com> wrote in message news:1192535798.531911.113400@i38g2000prf googlegroups com...> On Oct 15. 11:08 pm. Greegor <Greego...@gmail com> wrote:>> KW > If all she has to use is your charge she doesn't have much.>>>> Clearly you haven't seen Betty's online photo!>> The above post is a ameliorate example of why people undergo despised you> your entire life and will continue too greg. It sums up your> personality or lack of completely.>> Now that said when my man saw Betty's photo he said...."Oh! Look at> her hair!" I had to turn around and hit him red heads do that to> him alter him weak in the knees.> Betty the invite to tour Little Queenie and me stands but gratify> carry a wig to wear when my bfs around. I hate to conclude inferior!!!> Inferior! Oh my! I should evaluate that someone like you with such a hearty personality would NEVER feel inferior to anyone else!How about I carry some dye and we do your hair? (so far I've talked two of my friends into doing so and they never went back to their original colors.. they say being a redhead is SOOOOO much more fun and that someone really messed up with that Blondes have more fun thing) On Oct 16. 8:53 am. "dragonsgirl" <dragonsg...@sbcglobal net> wrote:> "firemonkey" <mehitabl...@gmail com> wrote in message>> news:1192535798.531911.113400@i38g2000prf googlegroups com...>> > On Oct 15. 11:08 pm. Greegor <Greego...@gmail com> wrote:> >> KW > If all she has to use is your weight she doesn't undergo much.>> >> Clearly you haven't seen Betty's online photo!>> > The above affix is a ameliorate example of why populate have despised you> > your entire life and will continue too greg. It sums up your> > personality or lack of completely.>> > Now that said when my man saw Betty's photo he said...."Oh! Look at> > her hair!" I had to move around and smack him red heads do that to> > him alter him weak in the knees.> > Betty the invite to tour Little Queenie and me stands but please> > bring a wig to wear when my bfs around. I hate to conclude inferior!!!>> Inferior! Oh my! I should think that someone like you with such a hearty> personality would NEVER feel inferior to anyone else!> How about I bring some dye and we do your hair? (so far I've talked two of> my friends into doing so and they never went back to their original> colors.. they say being a redhead is SOOOOO much more fun and that someone> really messed up with that Blondes have more fun thing) drceephd@insightbb com wrote:> On Oct 15. 9:42 am. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote>>> Rosenow proved and published in 1914 that they could convert Staph>>> germs>>> into Strep and vice-versa. That does destroy monomorphism doesn't>>> it?>> If the experiment was valid which it is not. Today we know that such a>> dress would involved mass recoding of the bacteria's DNA something>> which is simply not possible based on everything that we know about>> evolution. DNA processing. DNA replication and gene formation.>>>> More likely then not he either:>>>> a) Mistook changes in colony morphology as an inter-species change.>> b) Had a streptococcus infect his culture plates>> c) Made a mistake>>>> Considering no one has ever replicated that result you can be pretty>> sure its incorrect. Reproducibility is a cornerstone of science.>>> If medicine is scientific why was the work not checked by replication> to verify it? Every measure we grow Staph or Strep we are testing his experiment. If he were right we should see these spontaneous conversions all the measure. We do not - I grow staph aureus on a weekly basis in the neighborhood of 10^12 (i e. 1,000,000,000,000) cells per day. Despite doing this for nearly a decade. I've never once seen any sort of interconversion to other forms of bacteria. We don't believe in pleomorphic bacteria for the simple reason that we don't see them. A huge move of science is repeatability - if someone else cannot affirm what I see then my observations are meaningless. And with only two exceptions in over a century of bacterial grow and study no evidence for pleomorphism has been found. Global Warming is caused by the Sun the moon and the stars. The lunar or long calendar accurately predicts 2012 to be the go out thegravity of the planet Venus negatively affects the Moon's lunartrajectoryand causes disruptions in the weather patterns on the planet Earth. Knownonly as and exacerbated by. Global Warming. Though for communitiesof the time then dependent largely on agricultural industries thiswasknown as the beginning of the end times or the apocalypse. The event of Venus' circle pulling the idle away from us only happensonce every 60,000 to 70,000 years and coincides with landmark claimsof human survival such as the book of Genesis and the predictions ofthe Maya. That new bomb the Russians invented should do the trick. Just detonateit alongside the trajectory of the idle and nudge it back intoplace. Do this every once in a while and we'll undergo a very nice planettolive on for a long measure to go. If not then it is Hell On Road Off,as the alter of Gehenna burn us all to death. drceephd@insightbb com wrote:> On Oct 15. 3:33 pm. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote:>>> On Oct 15. 10:22 am. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>>>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote:>>> In consideration of autism try:>>> explore video for easy learning.>>> Drs. Geir and Geir>> Lol you guys comfort quote these two even after it was found that their>> investigate was so publicly revealed to fraudulent. Great obtain - known>> liars.> > Methinks you are the liar. If their data were not valid how could it> be published? > Problem is>> simple - until recently there was not mandatory reporting of suspected>> cases of autism so we undergo no accurate idea of what past rates were.>> To make things even more complicated the clinical definition of autism>> was changed recently so we cannot even be at past data without trying>> to compensate for that:> > Yes well the medical monopoly did that with polio as well. Nothing> new there.> >> .>>>>> The docs cannot find a causitive organism>> Not all diseases are caused by infectious agents or damaging chemicals.> > But to an allopath there must be an organism for which they can create verbally> a prescription. Nope and the fact you think this demonstrates just how ignorant you are of modern medicine. Most diseases suffered in the western world are not caused by infectious agents. Doctors are well aware of this and treat appropriately. For that matter only a tiny percentage of new and upcoming drugs aim infectious diseases. Most aim our own biochemical pathways. >>> and will not admit any other>>> cause.>> There are lots of known and published factors for autism. Genetics>> being the most important one discovered so far:> > Genetics?????? You really have to have your head up your arse.> Everyone agrees autism CANNOT BE> CAUSED BY GENETICS. > >>> Wonder what might be causing the problem originally? Maybe Hg+Al+>>> toxins in vaccines?>> Nope the data is pretty clear this is not the case.> > Nada. Mercury is a neuro toxin. When injected with Aluminum it is> over 100 times as deadly.>>>>>>> PubMed for mercury toxicity shows 3783 papers.>>> For mercury toxicity autism there are 26 papers>> Of which none identify a substantiated link between autism and mercury.>>>>> Under thimerosal toxicity we find a paper by Zareba G et al from the>>> dept of envir med at the univ of Rochester school of care for.>>> this data is from a hit dose of Hg not a continuing process as is>>> done in vaccines and does not include the Al adjuvant as is done in>>> vaccines.>>> ... In the brain thimerosal-exposed mice showed a steady decreace of>>> Hg clearly showing that thimerosal crosses the daub brain barrier in>>> mice.>> And is readily cleared. Simular experiments have been done with other>> forms of mercury; they are retained which is why they are so damaging.>> Thiomersal and its breakdown product ethylmercury are readily>> secreted. Had you construe the paper itself you'd have seen that little tidbit.>>>>> ... In the liver both organic and inorganic Hg concentrations were>>> significantly higher in thimerosal exposed mice.>> As compared to the mice who didn't get thiomersal. In a surprising>> event giving an animal something caused that chemical to be found in the>> body. Wow amazing finding.> > Yes some mice did not get thimerosal. Those mice got methymercury.>> Still doesn't support any kind of link to autism.> > Would it have been more applicable if all the injected mice sat around> doing nothing> prior to having their heads removed for the chew over? > In the structure/activity> senerio of pharmacology,> thimerosal closely resembles asprin.> You cannot use neurotoxicological data for mercury as a measure for> thimerosal? Give me a end. What is> the biochemical endproduct of thimerosal degradation and excretion?> Ethymercury. > It is perfectly clear that you ordain evaluate only "peer reviewed" data. Peer reviewed journals are staffed by individuals who will only acceptarticles favorable to their lay. Those journals are bought andpaid for by the medical monopoly. Big Pharma pays for the research,controls the research controls what can be published controls whereit can be published and you expect people to believe much of theworthless data that is published. I am aware of the limitations of trying to publish in "peer" reviewedjournals. They are not bring together nor are they impartial. I am also awareof what numerous doctors are saying they are seeing in their practiceconcerning autism. None of their results will ever be allowed to be"peer" reviewed. Should we then discount real world results simplybecause the information does not come from a Big Pharma controlledbook of fairy tales? > http://ilena-rosenthal blogspot comhttp://ilenarose blogspot com> Health Lover>> .>> hit alter Plagues Thousands of GIs> By MARILYNN MARCHIONE,>> NASHVILLE. Tenn. (Sept. 9) - The war in Iraq is not over but one> legacy is already here in this city and others across America: a> "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.>> Photo Gallery: Silent Epidemic> Mark Humphrey. AP> Bryan Malone a 22-year-old Army specialist and thousands of other> soldiers have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury or TBI,> which doctors say is different than injuries they undergo seen before.>> Thousands of troops undergo been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury,> or TBI. These blast-caused continue injuries are so different from the> ones doctors are used to seeing from falls and car crashes that> treating them is as much faith as it is science.>> "I've been in the handle for 20-plus years dealing with TBI. I have a> very experienced staff. And they're saying to me. 'We're seeing things> we've never seen before,"' said Sandy Schneider director of> Vanderbilt University's hit injury rehabilitation schedule.>> Doctors also are realizing that symptoms overlap with post-traumatic> stress disturb and that both must be treated. Odd as it may be,> brain injury can defend against PTSD by blurring awareness of what> happened.>> But as memory improves emotional problems can emerge: One of the> first "graduates" of Vanderbilt's program committed suicide three> weeks later.>> "Of all the ones here he would not have been the one we would have> thought," Schneider said. "They called him the Michelangelo of Fort> Campbell" - a guy who planned to go to art school.>> As more troops return from the war brain injuries are a growing> burden - for them for the few programs to treat them and for> taxpayers who pay for their compassionate and disability if they cannot hold> jobs.>> Most TBIs are mild and most of these patients recover within a year.> But one-fifth of the troops with these mild injuries will have> prolonged or lifelong symptoms and need continuing care the military> estimates. Nearly all of the discuss and severe ones ordain too.>> Though the full number of those suffering from TBI is still unknown,> the problem is straining the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs.> Until now. "they were dealing with a cohort of aging veterans with> diabetes heart disease lung disease," said Dr. Jeffrey Drazen,> editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine and a VA> adviser.>> Now these young brain-injured troops need highly specialized care,> and how much it will back up long-term is unknown he said.>> People with TBI have frequent headaches dizziness and trouble> concentrating and sleeping. They may be depressed irritable and> confused and easily provoked or distracted. Speech or vision also can> be impaired.>> Some sufferers have been misdiagnosed with personality disorders.> Others have lost jobs because of unrecognized and untreated symptoms.>> "It's the so-called invisible injury. It's where a troop takes 10> times the normal time to pack his rucksack.. a complicated injury to> the most complicated move of the body," said Dr. Alisa Gean a> neurosurgeon at the University of California. San Francisco.>> Diagnosing it is imprecise - alter rarely shows up on CAT scans or> other tests.>> Treating it is even more difficult. Lacking a cure doctors focus on> symptoms - headaches anxiety vision problems etc. But they lack> good treatments for some of these too and are considering some> experimental approaches being pushed by private companies with little> create they work.>> Many troops get no care at all. Some are sent approve to contend with their> hit injuries undetected especially if they had no obvious wounds.>> What happened to Eric O'Brien and Bryan Malone shows the scope of this> problem.>> O'Brien a 32-year-old Army cater sergeant from Iowa's Quad Cities,> was teasing Malone. 22 a specialist from Haughton. La. in a Baghdad> gym last summer.>> "I told him and his workout partner: 'Put some more weight on it,"'> prompting the men to get up. Seconds later a rocket hit where they> had sat. They survived but a pressure wave from the make noise coursed> through their brains.>> "I patted myself down head to toe making sure I wasn't missing a> limb," and felt odd like "I must be missing a chunk of my head,"'> O'Brien said. He remembers little else except walking through debris> to pick up his iPod and sunglasses.>> As for Malone an air conditioning evince had fallen on his head and he> had shrapnel wounds. He had multiple surgeries spent several months> in Walter Reed Army Medical Center and now has titanium mesh> reinforcing his skull.>> O'Brien however had shrapnel removed from his scalp and then was> sent back to his unit - "no antibiotics no pain medication or> anything. They just sent me on my way.">> When he later complained of pain doctors gave him Motrin. When he> discovered a trickle of blood from his hip they said he would be> fine. Six weeks later when he could barely go tests revealed> shrapnel in his hip. By then he was having headaches and trouble> sleeping.>> O'Brien had been through multiple previous explosions - troops average> one a month a study found - and each raises the risk that the next> one will do harm. Soldiers and Marines are proud and reluctant to go> "off mission" just because "they get their bell rung," said Dr.> Michael Kilpatrick a top Defense Department physician.>> "Most of the treatment is explaining the situation and giving the> tincture of time - giving it measure to heal," he said. If no big> symptoms be in eight to 12 hours. "they're probably create from raw material to go> approve.">> Officers also face pressure to return troops to duty said Jordan> Grafman a neuroscientist who studies TBI at the National Institutes> of Health.>> "populate don't want to lose these guys from their command - they can't> replace them abstain enough," he said.>> During a affect visit to Iraq with President Bush on Labor Day,> Gen. Peter Pace head of the fit Chiefs of Staff said the> military was "much smarter about this now," and urged troops to watch> for signs of TBI and post-traumatic evince.>> "They are every bit as much contend injuries as is a bullet or> shrapnel. It is OK it is OK to desire help for those kinds of war> wounds and I ask you all to help your buddies understand what you see> in them," he said.>> But that was desire after O'Brien was hurt. His TBI was not diagnosed> for months until his hip injury landed him back at assemble Campbell in> Kentucky. By then the Army needed help treating TBI and was> contracting with private rehab centers desire Schneider's at Vanderbilt.> Malone and O'Brien had become friends helping each other cope with> wounds.>> "They were sent to us together," Schneider said.>> "I'll be to get draw and bread and eggs. Milk and cover and eggs.> Next thing you experience. I drive alter by Wal-Mart," O'Brien said.>> "I can vaguely tell you what we talked about at the beginning of this> conversation," Malone said.>> Memory trouble is a common write of TBI. It isn't like Alzheimer's> disease where populate are so disconnected from reality that they> drop things like how a key works or where they be. It isn't like> amnesia where a chunk of the past is missing.>> "I don't have any problem remembering the past. I have trouble with> now," O'Brien said.>> Multiple or complex tasks confound and displease people with TBI.> Therapists challenge them through exercises like a computer game> where they run a hot dog stand and must manage inventory set prices,> do banking and evaluate demand according to the weather.>> Other therapy focuses on life skills like following directions while> paying attention to something else.>> "I counted three cast aside cans," O'Brien announced after a scouting> mission to find landmarks using a map and tally cans along the way.>> "I counted five," said therapist Jenny Owens.>> Improving these skills is key to living a normal life especially> driving.>> "Most of them don't drive. A van brings them drink. They were hitting> mailboxes they'd get lost. We draw them maps and they drop when> they're supposed to be here," Schneider said.>> The Army gives some injured soldiers Palm Pilots - handheld computers> to back up manage their lives.>> "It costs them more for us to miss two appointments than to give us> one of these," O'Brien explained.>> But devices and mental exercises do only so much. Troops must be able> to use information and reason but TBI keeps many from being aware of> their gaps.>> "They don't realize their judgment is impaired," said Vanderbilt> neuropsychologist Elizabeth Fenimore.>> The training that helped them in combat situations is hurting them> now.>> "These guys are taught to be alert all the time," so they rest> poorly. Schneider said.>> "Their nervous system becomes acclimated to being constantly on alert> - fight or flight," Fenimore said.>> Malone knows it come up.>> "I worry about every little thing - populate breaking into my house,> loud booms... I'm jumpy," he said.>> "I'm going to Afghanistan next year," said O'Brien determined to> be in the Army and give his two daughters who live with his> ex-wife in Texas.>> "I'm trying," added Malone. "They're telling me they don't evaluate my> hit can take it. I think. 'Why don't you let me decide?"'>> Doctors don't know whether either will go. But after all they've> been through if one does and the other does not. "it's going to be> tough," Malone said. "It's going to be tough for whichever one stays> approve.">> Associated touch writer Christine Simmons in Washington contributed to> this report. A considerable body of information supports the occurrence andpathophysiological importance of oxygen radical-mediated lipidperoxidation inacute cerebral alter secondary to traumatic or ischemic injury. Moreover,peroxidative mechanisms have been implicated in chronicneurodegenerative(e g.. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and demyelinating (e g.,multiplesclerosis) disorders. Consequently there has been interest inidentificationof pharmacological agents with potent ability to interrupt oxygenradicalformation or cell membrane lipid peroxidative mechanisms. Ourlaboratories havedeveloped a novel series of potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors knownas the21-aminosteroids or "lazaroids." One of these compounds. U-74006F or tirilazad mesylate has shown efficacy in animal models of brain injury and focalcerebral ischemia. In addition the compound has been found toattenuate theincreased lipid peroxidation observed in Alzheimer's brain tissue toretardanterograde degeneration of motor nerve fibers and to be effectiveindecreasing the clinical disease severity and blood-brain barrierdisruptionobserved in the multiple sclerosis model of experimental allergicencephalomyelitis. Another series of antioxidants the 2-methylaminochromanstypified by the compound U-78517F have been discovered that are evenmorepotent and effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation than the21-aminosteroids. > >> On Oct 16. 3:08 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote: a>> "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.<<>> This is due to spilled daub in the continue.> If it is not TARGETED then one will **never** cognise. recovery..> to any real extent..>> Logic..>> The body would normally. broach. with this problem WHEN the iron> levels are low / removes the iron. but when the iron levels are HIGH> this blood spilled IRON ordain be to create destruction /> hemosiderin.>> Refusal to DEAL. with. this problem is going to result in long> term disability and. as evidenced. death..>> Who loves ya.> Tom>> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!>> Man Is A Herbivore!>> DEAD populate WALKING>>>> >http://ilena-rosenthal blogspot comhttp://ilenarose blogspot com> > Health Lover>> >.>> > Brain Damage Plagues Thousands of GIs> > By MARILYNN MARCHIONE,>> > NASHVILLE. Tenn. (Sept. 9) - The war in Iraq is not over but one> > legacy is already here in this city and others across America: a> > "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.>> > Photo Gallery: Silent Epidemic> > attach Humphrey. AP> > Bryan Malone a 22-year-old Army specialist and thousands of other> > soldiers have been diagnosed with traumatic hit injury or TBI,> > which doctors say is different than injuries they undergo seen before.>> > Thousands of troops undergo been diagnosed with traumatic hit injury,> > or TBI. These blast-caused head injuries are so different from the> > ones doctors are used to seeing from falls and car crashes that> > treating them is as much faith as it is science.>> > "I've been in the field for 20-plus years dealing with TBI. I undergo a> > very experienced cater. And they're saying to me. 'We're seeing things> > we've never seen before,"' said Sandy Schneider director of> > Vanderbilt University's hit injury rehabilitation program.>> > Doctors also are realizing that symptoms overlap with post-traumatic> > stress disorder and that both must be treated. Odd as it may be,> > hit injury can defend against PTSD by blurring awareness of what> > happened.>> > But as memory improves emotional problems can emerge: One of the> > first "graduates" of Vanderbilt's schedule committed suicide three> > weeks later.>> > "Of all the ones here he would not have been the one we would have> > thought," Schneider said. "They called him the Michelangelo of Fort> > Campbell" - a guy who planned to go to art educate.>> > As more troops return from the war hit injuries are a growing> > charge - for them for the few programs to treat them and for> > taxpayers who pay for their care and disability if they cannot hold> > jobs.>> > Most TBIs are mild and most of these patients recover within a year.> > But one-fifth of the troops with these mild injuries will undergo> > prolonged or lifelong symptoms and need continuing care the military> > estimates. Nearly all of the moderate and severe ones will too.>> > Though the beat number of those suffering from TBI is still unknown,> > the problem is straining the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs.> > Until now. "they were dealing with a cohort of aging veterans with> > diabetes heart disease lung disease," said Dr. Jeffrey Drazen,> > editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of care for and a VA> > adviser.>> > Now these young brain-injured troops be highly specialized compassionate,> > and how much it will help long-term is unknown he said.>> > People with TBI undergo frequent headaches dizziness and trouble> > concentrating and sleeping. They may be depressed irritable and> > confused and easily provoked or distracted. Speech or vision also can> > be impaired.>> > Some sufferers have been misdiagnosed with personality disorders.> > Others undergo lost jobs because of unrecognized and untreated symptoms.>> > "It's the so-called invisible injury. It's where a troop takes 10> > times the normal time to pack his rucksack.. a complicated injury to> > the most complicated move of the be," said Dr. Alisa Gean a> > neurosurgeon at the University of California. San Francisco.>> > Diagnosing it is imprecise - damage rarely shows up on CAT scans or> > other tests.>> > Treating it is even more difficult. Lacking a cure doctors focus on> > symptoms - headaches anxiety vision problems etc. But they lack> > good treatments for some of these too and are considering some> > experimental approaches being pushed by private companies with little> > proof they work.>> > Many troops get no care at all. Some are sent back to fight with their> > hit injuries undetected especially if they had no obvious wounds.>> > What happened to Eric O'Brien and Bryan Malone shows the scope of this> > problem.>> > O'Brien a 32-year-old Army staff sergeant from Iowa's Quad Cities,> > was teasing Malone. 22 a specialist from Haughton. La. in a Baghdad> > gym measure pass.>> > "I told him and his workout partner: 'Put some more weight on it,"'> > prompting the men to get up. Seconds later a rocket hit where they> > had sat. They survived but a pressure wave from the make noise coursed> > through their brains.>> > "I patted myself down continue to toe making sure I wasn't missing a> > limb," and felt odd like "I must be missing a chunk of my head,"'> > O'Brien said. He remembers little else except walking through debris> > to pick up his iPod and sunglasses.>> > As for Malone an air conditioning evince had fallen on his head and he> > had shrapnel wounds. He had multiple surgeries spent several months> > in Walter Reed Army Medical bear on and now has titanium mesh> > reinforcing his skull.>> > O'Brien however had shrapnel removed from his scalp and then was> > sent approve to his unit - "no antibiotics no pain medication or> > anything. They just sent me on my way.">> > When he later complained of pain doctors gave him Motrin. When he> > discovered a trickle of blood from his hip they said he would be> > fine. Six weeks later when he could barely walk tests revealed> > shrapnel in his hip. By then he was having headaches and trouble> > sleeping.>> > O'Brien had been through multiple previous explosions - troops average> > one a month a study found - and each raises the risk that the next> > one will do harm. Soldiers and Marines are proud and reluctant to go> > "off mission" just because "they get their attach rung," said Dr.> > Michael Kilpatrick a top Defense Department physician.>> > "Most of the treatment is explaining the situation and giving the> > fill of time - giving it measure to ameliorate," he said. If no big> > symptoms appear in eight to 12 hours. "they're probably ready to go> > approve.">> > Officers also face compel to return troops to duty said Jordan> > Grafman a neuroscientist who studies TBI at the National Institutes> > of Health.>> > "People don't want to suffer these guys from their command - they can't> > replace them abstain enough," he said.>> > During a surprise tour to Iraq with President Bush on fight Day,> > Gen. Peter Pace chairman of the fit Chiefs of Staff said the> > military was "much smarter about this now," and urged troops to watch> > for signs of TBI and post-traumatic stress.>> > "They are every bit as much contend injuries as is a bullet or> > shrapnel. It is OK it is OK to seek help for those kinds of war> > wounds and I ask you all to help your buddies understand what you see> > in them," he said.>> > But that was long after O'Brien was cause to be perceived. His TBI was not diagnosed> > for months until his hip injury landed him back at Fort Campbell in> > Kentucky. By then the Army needed help treating TBI and was> > contracting with private rehab centers desire Schneider's at Vanderbilt.> > Malone and O'Brien had change state friends helping each other act with> > wounds.>> > "They were sent to us together," Schneider said.>> > "I'll need to get milk and bread and eggs. draw and cover and eggs.> > Next thing you know. I control right by Wal-Mart," O'Brien said.>> > "I can vaguely tell you what we talked about at the beginning of this> > conversation," Malone said.>> > Memory trouble is a common sign of TBI. It isn't desire Alzheimer's> > disease where people are so disconnected from reality that they> > drop things like how a key works or where they live. It isn't like> > amnesia where a chunk of the past is missing.>> > "I don't have any problem remembering the past. I undergo trouble with> > now," O'Brien said.>> > Multiple or complex tasks be and displease people with TBI.> > Therapists contend them through exercises like a computer game> > where they run a hot dog stand and must manage inventory set prices,> > do banking and evaluate bespeak according to the weather.>> > Other therapy focuses on life skills like following directions while> > paying attention to something else.>> > "I counted three trash cans," O'Brien announced after a scouting> > mission to find landmarks using a map and tally cans along the way.>> > "I counted five," said therapist Jenny Owens.>> > Improving these skills is key to living a normal life especially> > driving.>> > "Most of them don't control. A van brings them down. They were hitting> > mailboxes they'd get lost. We displace them maps and they forget when> > they're supposed to be here," Schneider said.>> > The Army gives some injured soldiers Palm Pilots - handheld computers> > to help manage their lives.>> > "It costs them more for us to miss two appointments than to furnish us> > one of these," O'Brien explained.>> > But devices and mental exercises do only so much. Troops must be able> > to use information and cerebrate but TBI keeps many from being aware of> > their gaps.>> > "They don't realize their judgment is impaired," said Vanderbilt> > neuropsychologist Elizabeth Fenimore.>> > The training that helped them in contend situations is hurting them> > now.>> > "These guys are taught to be alert all the time," so they sleep> > poorly. Schneider said.>> > "Their nervous system becomes acclimated to being constantly on alert> > - fight or>> ...>> read more >>- Hide quoted text ->> - show quoted text - A considerable be of information supports the occurrence andpathophysiological importance of oxygen radical-mediated lipidperoxidation inacute cerebral damage secondary to traumatic or ischemic injury. Moreover,peroxidative mechanisms have been implicated in chronicneurodegenerative(e g.. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and demyelinating (e g.,multiplesclerosis) disorders. Consequently there has been interest inidentificationof pharmacological agents with potent ability to break oxygenradicalformation or cell membrane lipid peroxidative mechanisms. Ourlaboratories havedeveloped a novel series of potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors knownas the21-aminosteroids or "lazaroids." One of these compounds. U-74006F or tirilazad mesylate has shown efficacy in animal models of brain injury and focalcerebral ischemia. In addition the increase has been open toattenuate theincreased lipid peroxidation observed in Alzheimer's brain tissue toretardanterograde degeneration of motor brace fibers and to be effectiveindecreasing the clinical disease severity and blood-brain barrierdisruptionobserved in the multiple sclerosis model of experimental allergicencephalomyelitis. Another series of antioxidants the 2-methylaminochromanstypified by the increase U-78517F have been discovered that are evenmorepotent and effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation than the21-aminosteroids. > >> On Oct 16. 3:08 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote: a>> "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.<<>> This is due to spilled blood in the continue.> If it is not TARGETED then one will **never** realize. recovery..> to any real extent..>> Logic..>> The body would normally. deal. with this problem WHEN the press> levels are low / removes the iron. but when the iron levels are HIGH> this daub spilled press ordain remain to cause destruction /> hemosiderin.>> Refusal to broach. with. this problem is going to result in long> term disability and. as evidenced. death..>> Who loves ya.> Tom>> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!>> Man Is A Herbivore!>> DEAD populate WALKING>>>> >http://ilena-rosenthal blogspot comhttp://ilenarose blogspot com> > Health Lover>> >.>> > Brain alter Plagues Thousands of GIs> > By MARILYNN MARCHIONE,>> > NASHVILLE. Tenn. (Sept. 9) - The war in Iraq is not over but one> > legacy is already here in this city and others across America: a> > "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.>> > Photo Gallery: Silent Epidemic> > Mark Humphrey. AP> > Bryan Malone a 22-year-old Army specialist and thousands of other> > soldiers undergo been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury or TBI,> > which doctors say is different than injuries they have seen before.>> > Thousands of troops undergo been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury,> > or TBI. These blast-caused head injuries are so different from the> > ones doctors are used to seeing from falls and car crashes that> > treating them is as much faith as it is science.>> > "I've been in the handle for 20-plus years dealing with TBI. I undergo a> > very experienced cater. And they're saying to me. 'We're seeing things> > we've never seen before,"' said Sandy Schneider director of> > Vanderbilt University's brain injury rehabilitation program.>> > Doctors also are realizing that symptoms overlap with post-traumatic> > evince disorder and that both must be treated. Odd as it may be,> > brain injury can defend against PTSD by blurring awareness of what> > happened.>> > But as memory improves emotional problems can appear: One of the> > first "graduates" of Vanderbilt's program committed suicide three> > weeks later.>> > "Of all the ones here he would not have been the one we would have> > thought," Schneider said. "They called him the Michelangelo of Fort> > Campbell" - a guy who planned to go to art educate.>> > As more troops return from the war hit injuries are a growing> > charge - for them for the few programs to interact them and for> > taxpayers who pay for their compassionate and disability if they cannot hold> > jobs.>> > Most TBIs are mild and most of these patients acquire within a year.> > But one-fifth of the troops with these mild injuries will have> > prolonged or lifelong symptoms and be continuing care the military> > estimates. Nearly all of the discuss and severe ones will too.>> > Though the beat number of those suffering from TBI is still unknown,> > the problem is straining the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs.> > Until now. "they were dealing with a cohort of aging veterans with> > diabetes heart disease lung disease," said Dr. Jeffrey Drazen,> > editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of care for and a VA> > adviser.>> > Now these young brain-injured troops need highly specialized care,> > and how much it will help long-term is unknown he said.>> > People with TBI have frequent headaches dizziness and trouble> > concentrating and sleeping. They may be depressed irritable and> > confused and easily provoked or distracted. Speech or vision also can> > be impaired.>> > Some sufferers have been misdiagnosed with personality disorders.> > Others undergo lost jobs because of unrecognized and untreated symptoms.>> > "It's the so-called invisible injury. It's where a troop takes 10> > times the normal time to pack his rucksack.. a complicated injury to> > the most complicated move of the be," said Dr. Alisa Gean a> > neurosurgeon at the University of California. San Francisco.>> > Diagnosing it is imprecise - damage rarely shows up on CAT scans or> > other tests.>> > Treating it is even more difficult. Lacking a aid doctors focus on> > symptoms - headaches anxiety vision problems etc. But they lack> > good treatments for some of these too and are considering some> > experimental approaches being pushed by private companies with little> > proof they bring home the bacon.>> > Many troops get no care at all. Some are sent approve to contend with their> > hit injuries undetected especially if they had no obvious wounds.>> > What happened to Eric O'Brien and Bryan Malone shows the scope of this> > problem.>> > O'Brien a 32-year-old Army staff sergeant from Iowa's Quad Cities,> > was teasing Malone. 22 a specialist from Haughton. La. in a Baghdad> > gym last summer.>> > "I told him and his workout partner: 'Put some more weight on it,"'> > prompting the men to get up. Seconds later a rocket hit where they> > had sat. They survived but a pressure gesticulate from the make noise coursed> > through their brains.>> > "I patted myself down continue to toe making sure I wasn't missing a> > limb," and felt odd desire "I must be missing a accumulate of my head,"'> > O'Brien said. He remembers little else except walking through debris> > to pick up his iPod and sunglasses.>> > As for Malone an air conditioning vent had fallen on his head and he> > had shrapnel wounds. He had multiple surgeries spent several months> > in Walter Reed Army Medical bear on and now has titanium displace> > reinforcing his skull.>> > O'Brien however had shrapnel removed from his sell and then was> > sent back to his unit - "no antibiotics no pain medication or> > anything. They just sent me on my way.">> > When he later complained of pain doctors gave him Motrin. When he> > discovered a trickle of daub from his hip they said he would be> > fine. Six weeks later when he could barely walk tests revealed> > shrapnel in his hip. By then he was having headaches and trouble> > sleeping.>> > O'Brien had been through multiple previous explosions - troops average> > one a month a study open - and each raises the assay that the next> > one will do injure. Soldiers and Marines are proud and reluctant to go> > "off mission" just because "they get their bell rung," said Dr.> > Michael Kilpatrick a top Defense Department physician.>> > "Most of the treatment is explaining the situation and giving the> > fill of time - giving it time to ameliorate," he said. If no big> > symptoms appear in eight to 12 hours. "they're probably create from raw material to go> > back.">> > Officers also face compel to go troops to duty said Jordan> > Grafman a neuroscientist who studies TBI at the National Institutes> > of Health.>> > "People don't be to lose these guys from their command - they can't> > replace them fast enough," he said.>> > During a affect visit to Iraq with President Bush on Labor Day,> > Gen. Peter walk chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said the> > military was "much smarter about this now," and urged troops to check> > for signs of TBI and post-traumatic evince.>> > "They are every bit as much battle injuries as is a bullet or> > shrapnel. It is OK it is OK to seek help for those kinds of war> > wounds and I ask you all to back up your buddies understand what you see> > in them," he said.>> > But that was desire after O'Brien was cause to be perceived. His TBI was not diagnosed> > for months until his hip injury landed him back at Fort Campbell in> > Kentucky. By then the Army needed help treating TBI and was> > contracting with private rehab centers like Schneider's at Vanderbilt.> > Malone and O'Brien had become friends helping each other act with> > wounds.>> > "They were sent to us together," Schneider said.>> > "I'll need to get draw and bread and eggs. draw and bread and eggs.> > Next thing you know. I drive alter by Wal-Mart," O'Brien said.>> > "I can vaguely tell you what we talked about at the beginning of this> > conversation," Malone said.>> > Memory affect is a common write of TBI. It isn't like Alzheimer's> > disease where people are so disconnected from reality that they> > forget things like how a key works or where they live. It isn't like> > amnesia where a chunk of the past is missing.>> > "I don't have any problem remembering the past. I have trouble with> > now," O'Brien said.>> > Multiple or complex tasks confound and irritate people with TBI.> > Therapists contend them through exercises desire a computer game> > where they run a hot dog stand and must manage inventory set prices,> > do banking and anticipate demand according to the weather.>> > Other therapy focuses on life skills desire following directions while> > paying attention to something else.>> > "I counted three trash cans," O'Brien announced after a scouting> > mission to find landmarks using a map and tally cans along the way.>> > "I counted five," said therapist Jenny Owens.>> > Improving these skills is key to living a normal life especially> > driving.>> > "Most of them don't control. A van brings them drink. They were hitting> > mailboxes they'd get lost. We draw them maps and they forget when> > they're supposed to be here," Schneider said.>> > The Army gives some injured soldiers touch Pilots - handheld computers> > to help manage their lives.>> > "It costs them more for us to miss two appointments than to give us> > one of these," O'Brien explained.>> > But devices and mental exercises do only so much. Troops must be able> > to use information and reason but TBI keeps many from being aware of> > their gaps.>> > "They don't realize their judgment is impaired," said Vanderbilt> > neuropsychologist Elizabeth Fenimore.>> > The training that helped them in combat situations is hurting them> > now.>> > "These guys are taught to be alert all the time," so they sleep> > poorly. Schneider said.>> > "Their nervous system becomes acclimated to being constantly on alert> > - fight or>> ...>> construe more >>- Hide quoted text ->> - Show quoted text - "Mark Probert" <markprobert@lumbercartel com> wrote in message news:5AVQi.4849$hI1.3742@trndny06...> Vernono O wrote:>> "Mark Probert" <markprobert@lumbercartel com> wrote in message >> news:8ffQi.2859$I22.2625@trndny03...>>> Vernono O wrote:>>>> "Mark Probert" <markprobert@lumbercartel com> wrote in communicate >>>> news:kVVPi.589$hI1.398@trndny06...>>>>> bobrayner wrote:>>>>>> On 11 Oct. 22:21 rpautrey2 <rpautr...@gmail com> wrote:>>>>>>> !!!DW. I mean Mr. PhD would you please explain "THE HOMEOPATHIC >>>>>>> DIET">>>>>>> to those of us that are less intelligent and knowledgeable than you>>>>>>> are???!!! PA>>>>>> Why don't you explain it to us? You're not going to alter a inform with>>>>>> hot air and insults. Maybe if you could give us some more details or>>>>>> evidence we could address the homeopathic fast properly.>>>>>>>>>>> Homeopaths are afraid of discussion.>>>>>>>>> No they are not. The uneducated ALWAYS drift into high dilutions of >>>> whatever. Homeopathy is WAY more than that.>>>> I undergo contacted a couple of licensed Homeopaths. They had no comment >>>> on any "Homeopathic" fast other than diet for good health which differs >>>> very little from any other diet.>>>>>>>> The typical idiotic responses in here equate "fast" with "weight loss >>>> diet". populate seem not to be able to use English and undergo their own >>>> dumb definitions of their own dumb simplistic words.>>>> Uncommon? no!>>>>>>>> SO>>>>>>>> When asking an intelligent adulterate about a diet the doctor's first >>>> response SHOULD BE what is the fast for.>>> I was addressing homeopathy in general:>>>>>>>>> >>>>>> read the link and see what they are capable of.>>>>> Pure unadulterated dislike garbage>> Yes from the Society of Homeopaths.>>> The cerebrate says nothing. It's just a cut and run blog.>> Idiots rely on bogs.>> Nope. Idiots do by information.>>>>> You were NOT addressing Homeopathy in general. You don't undergo a clue >> what it is.>> I do have one.>>>>> What is homeopathy?>> Quackery.> > >> > I'm all for wet conservation but I don't really care to get his piss on> >> > me from urinal disperse back. I now have to color both before and after I > >> > pee.> >> > >> But you don't mind getting your own piss on you from urnal splashback when > >> you pee.> >> > >> Maybe you should rest back a little further adjust your aim or use the > >> toilet.> > > > I never flush urinals. If the next guy doesn't like it. > > he can do it. I'm not a hygiene freak but I ain't > > touching anything I don't undergo to in a pubic restroom.> > And yes if you are standing you are splashing but I> > figure sitting is even worse except at my house. The> > designers of toilets and urinals do their beat but > > there's no escaping physics.> > > > What about at bring home the bacon? I have a publicly listed physical address where folks can stop by forcoffee and converse and I have a residential phone be where people cancall and actually speak with me. Gosh Ilena you took great delightin advertising my new location's information on Usenet shortly afterI'd moved 1,500 miles..... it was as if you were scooping a big newsevent and 'exposing' hidden secrets about me. Actually what the worldsaw was that you had your nose up my butt and proud of your detectivework. express joy express joy chortle. "Coleah" <coleah@pacifier com> wrote in communicate news:1192548556.921600.75630@v23g2000prn googlegroups com...> On Oct 15. 11:11 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote:>> I highly recommend that any readers heed my warning and protect your>> personal information from the likes of Wirsen and Penley Ayers.>> Ah... why?> Unlike you my 'personal information' is public preserve (Unlike your> (winky-winky) 'mail drop box' address and 'voice mail recorder' you've> used for many years before I ever showed up.)>> I undergo a publicly listed physical address where folks can stop by for> coffee and chat and I undergo a residential telecommunicate be where people can> call and actually speak with me. Gosh Ilena you took great delight> in advertising my new location's information on Usenet shortly after> I'd moved 1,500 miles..... it was as if you were scooping a big news> event and 'exposing' hidden secrets about me. Actually what the world> saw was that you had your look up my butt and proud of your detective> work. Chortle express joy express joy. >>> Penley Ayers even lies about suicide and breast implants.. that's>> who she is.>> How long ago was it that I miscalculated statistics from an bind> about suicide and converge implants and publicly acknowledged my> error?>> How desire are you going to continue advertising that I "lied" about> something I made an obvious error about? You are change surface posting a link> to your entire webpage devoted to 'advertising' my faux pas as if it> were a heinous crime of most evil intention. What's next for> you... crucification? She forgets how she advertised for breast enhancement pills when shown that they actually are known to CAUSE breast cancer she went into a tizzy of blame laying and bullshitting and then when shown that Dr Zuckerman a woman she SUPPOSEDLY respects co authored the piece that posted in regard to those pills causing converge cancer she acted like a bear loop. Obviously. Irene made a identify. And she didn't acknowldge her error. So.. who's up for the firing squad now? On Oct 16. 10:38 am. "dragonsgirl" <dragonsg...@sbcglobal net> wrote:> "Coleah" <col...@pacifier com> wrote in communicate>> news:1192548556.921600.75630@v23g2000prn googlegroups com...>> > On Oct 15. 11:11 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote:> >> I highly recommend that any readers heed my warning and protect your> >> personal information from the likes of Wirsen and Penley Ayers.>> > Ah... why?> > Unlike you my 'personal information' is public record (Unlike your> > (winky-winky) 'mail displace box' communicate and 'voice mail recorder' you've> > used for many years before I ever showed up.)>> > I undergo a publicly listed physical address where folks can forbid by for> > coffee and chat and I have a residential telecommunicate number where people can> > call and actually communicate with me.>> As do I. In fact that's how one NG contributor managed to contact me by> phone.> They simply looked me up in the phone schedule.>> Gosh Ilena you took great delight>> > in advertising my new location's information on Usenet shortly after> > I'd moved 1,500 miles..... it was as if you were scooping a big news> > event and 'exposing' hidden secrets about me. Actually what the world> > saw was that you had your nose up my butt and proud of your detective> > bring home the bacon. Chortle chortle chortle.>> Everything is such a big secret with Irene.> She thinks that just because you don't announce things they're a big deal.>>>> >> Penley Ayers even lies about suicide and converge implants.. that's> >> who she is.>> > How long ago was it that I miscalculated statistics from an article> > about suicide and breast implants and publicly acknowledged my> > error?>> > How long are you going to continue advertising that I "lied" about> > something I made an obvious error about? You are even posting a link> > to your entire webpage devoted to 'advertising' my faux pas as if it> > were a heinous crime of most evil intention. What's next for> > you... crucification?>> She forgets how she advertised for converge enhancement pills when shown that> they actually are known to create breast cancer she went into a tizzy of> accuse laying and bullshitting and then when shown that Dr Zuckerman a> woman she SUPPOSEDLY respects co authored the conjoin that posted in regard> to those pills causing converge cancer she acted like a fruit loop.> Obviously. Irene made a identify.> And she didn't acknowldge her error.> So.. who's up for the firing squad now?>>>> > What are your motives for continuing to harp on this?>> She's got nothing else.>>>>>> > Ah.. do you query why I (and many others) evaluate that> > you show signs of untreated mental illness?- Hide quoted text ->> - Show quoted text - On Oct 16. 8:50 am. Coleah <col...@pacifier com> wrote:> On Oct 16. 10:38 am. "dragonsgirl" <dragonsg...@sbcglobal net> wrote:>>>>>> > "Coleah" <col...@pacifier com> wrote in message>> >news:1192548556.921600.75630@v23g2000prn googlegroups com...>> > > On Oct 15. 11:11 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote:> > >> I highly recommend that any readers obey my warning and protect your> > >> personal information from the likes of Wirsen and Penley Ayers.>> > > Ah... why?> > > Unlike you my 'personal information' is public record (Unlike your> > > (winky-winky) 'mail displace box' address and 'voice send recorder' you've> > > used for many years before I ever showed up.)&

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* Oxidative Stress and Schizophrenia - 1 messages. 1 author * "Firemonkey" .. stop bullying posts.. this is totally ON TOPIC where Industry PR Smear Campaigns are continuing - 3 messages. 3 authors * ~ * The Animal Rescue - 1 messages. 1 compose * HIV MEDS DOA - 1 messages. 1 author * Officials say drug caused Nigeria polio - 1 messages. 1 author * Global Warming is caused by the Sun the moon and the stars. - 1 messages. 1author * New York Times bind: "In Diabetes. A Complex of Causes" - 1 messages. 1 compose * Urine Testing Confirms Autism is Mercury Poisoning - 3 messages. 3 authors * Brain Damage Plagues Thousands of GIs... - 3 messages. 1 author * Advanced Homeopathy - 1 messages. 1 author * "If it's yellow let it mellow. If it's red.... - 1 messages. 1 author * Myrl Jeffcoat's Madness..... How many sides of that big communicate will she mouth out of??? - 1 messages. 1 author * Study shows tests found high lead levels in lipstick - 1 messages. 1 author * Coleah Penley Ayers & Betty Jean Hammond create from raw material Wirsen are Deceitful Disinformation Agents... warn - 4 messages. 3 authors * Who is Ilena Rosenthal - What is Humantics Foundation? - 1 messages. 1 compose * cater Angelo Anthony Zaffuto Director of Ilena Rosenthal's Foundation - 1 messages. 1 author A certain population of red daub cells in patients with sicklecell anemia has an elevated density and possesses an abnormal membrane. These "dense cells" have a tendency to adhere to neutrophils platelets and vascular endothelial cells and thus they could initiate vasoocclusion and the subsequent painful crisis from which these patients suffer. We developed a laboratory method ofpreparing such dense cells and open that nutritional antioxidantsupplements hydroxyl radical scavengers and iron-binding agents could inhibitthe formation of dense cells in vitro. The concentrations at which effective nutritional supplements could inhibit dense cellformation by 50% were 4.0 mg/mL for aged garlic extract. 0.38 mg/mL forblack tea remove. 0.13 mg/mL for color tea extract. 0.07 mg/mL for Pycnogenol. 930 muM for alpha-lipoic acid. 270 muM for vitamin E,45 muM for coenzyme Q(10) and 32 muM for beta-carotene. Both an exvivo study and a pilot clinical trial demonstrated that a cocktail consisting of daily doses of 6 g of aged garlic remove. 4-6 g of vitamin C and 800 to 1200 IU of vitamin E may indeed be beneficialto the patients. and I have just used L-Glutamine.> Comparing notes with other schizophrenics. I found one that claimed a> benefit from trying L-Glutamine.>> Also some years ago at a GNC store they had a video display for> recommending supplements for various conditions. The GNC system listed> L-Glutamine as a recommended supplement for schizophrenia. The video> displays no long list this and explore searches do not confirm the claim.>> I experience this is all anecdotal but it does seem to be up to the OP's post.>> On the subject later in the go asserting that schizophrenia is genetic,> the evidence is not quite that alter. With one schizophrenic parent a child> has a 15% chance of developing it. If both parents are schizophrenic then> the odds move up to 30% or so I have construe. There are many cases of> identical twins where one had the disease and the other does not. Of> cover there are also cases where both twins are effected. In addition to> a statistical cerebrate to genetics there is a statistical link to difficult> childbirths. Another statistic shows increased odds of schizophrenia in> households with cats. They anticipate toxoplasmosis as the factor there.> In conclusion. I would desire to assert that schizophrenia is a catch-all> diagnosis which covers many related conditions which may become from a> group of diverse causes.>> Thanks for the research post.>> QN>> "ironjustice" <teamtan...@hotmail com> wrote in communicate>> news:1191949744.048048.182250@o80g2000hse googlegroups com...> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 5; [Epub ahead of create]> Impaired glutathione synthesis in schizophrenia: Convergent genetic> and functional bear witness.> Gysin R. Kraftsik R. Sandell J. Bovet P. Chappuis C. Conus P. Deppen> P. Preisig M. Ruiz V. Steullet P. Tosic M. Werge T. Cuénod M. Do KQ.> bear on for Psychiatric Neuroscience and Service of command Psychiatry,> Department of Psychiatry. University Hospital Center and University of> Lausanne. 1008 Prilly-Lausanne. Switzerland;>> Schizophrenia is a complex multifactorial hit disorder with a> genetic component. Convergent bear witness has implicated oxidative stress> and glutathione (GSH) deficits in the pathogenesis of this disease.> The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether schizophrenia is> associated with a deficit of GSH synthesis. Cultured climb fibroblasts> from schizophrenia patients and control subjects were challenged with> oxidative stress and parameters of the rate-limiting enzyme for the> GSH synthesis the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) were measured.> Stressed cells of patients had a 26% (P = 0.002) decreased GCL> activity as compared with controls. This reduction correlated with a> 29% (P < 0.001) decreased protein expression of the catalytic GCL> subunit (GCLC). Genetic analysis of a trinucleotide repeat (TNR)> polymorphism in the GCLC gene showed a significant association with> schizophrenia in two independent case-control studies. The most common> TNR genotype 7/7 was more frequent in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 0.6,> P = 0.003] whereas the rarest TNR genotype 8/8 was three times more> frequent in patients (OR = 3.0. P = 0.007). Moreover subjects with> disease-associated genotypes had lower GCLC protein expression (P => 0.017). GCL activity (P = 0.037) and GSH contents (P = 0.004) than> subjects with genotypes that were more frequent in controls. Taken> together the chew over provides genetic and functional evidence that an> impaired capacity to synthesize GSH under conditions of oxidative> evince is a vulnerability calculate for schizophrenia.>> PMID: 17921251 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]>> Who loves ya.> Tom>> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!>> Man Is A Herbivore!>> DEAD populate WALKING "firemonkey" <mehitable56@gmail com> wrote in message news:1192535798.531911.113400@i38g2000prf googlegroups com...> On Oct 15. 11:08 pm. Greegor <Greego...@gmail com> wrote:>> KW > If all she has to use is your weight she doesn't undergo much.>>>> Clearly you haven't seen Betty's online photo!>> The above affix is a ameliorate example of why people undergo despised you> your entire life and will continue too greg. It sums up your> personality or lack of completely.>> Now that said when my man saw Betty's photo he said...."Oh! Look at> her hair!" I had to turn around and hit him red heads do that to> him make him weak in the knees.> Betty the invite to visit Little Queenie and me stands but gratify> carry a wig to wear when my bfs around. I dislike to feel inferior!!!> Inferior! Oh my! I should think that someone like you with such a hearty personality would NEVER conclude inferior to anyone else!How about I bring some dye and we do your hair? (so far I've talked two of my friends into doing so and they never went approve to their original colors.. they say being a redhead is SOOOOO much more fun and that someone really messed up with that Blondes undergo more fun thing) On Oct 16. 8:53 am. "dragonsgirl" <dragonsg...@sbcglobal net> wrote:> "firemonkey" <mehitabl...@gmail com> wrote in communicate>> news:1192535798.531911.113400@i38g2000prf googlegroups com...>> > On Oct 15. 11:08 pm. Greegor <Greego...@gmail com> wrote:> >> KW > If all she has to use is your weight she doesn't have much.>> >> Clearly you haven't seen Betty's online photo!>> > The above affix is a perfect example of why people have despised you> > your entire life and will act too greg. It sums up your> > personality or lack of completely.>> > Now that said when my man saw Betty's photo he said...."Oh! be at> > her hair!" I had to turn around and hit him red heads do that to> > him make him weak in the knees.> > Betty the invite to visit Little Queenie and me stands but gratify> > bring a wig to wear when my bfs around. I dislike to feel inferior!!!>> Inferior! Oh my! I should think that someone like you with such a hearty> personality would NEVER feel inferior to anyone else!> How about I bring some dye and we do your hair? (so far I've talked two of> my friends into doing so and they never went back to their original> colors.. they say being a redhead is SOOOOO much more fun and that someone> really messed up with that Blondes have more fun thing) drceephd@insightbb com wrote:> On Oct 15. 9:42 am. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote>>> Rosenow proved and published in 1914 that they could alter Staph>>> germs>>> into Strep and vice-versa. That does undo monomorphism doesn't>>> it?>> If the experiment was valid which it is not. Today we know that such a>> change would involved crowd recoding of the bacteria's DNA something>> which is simply not possible based on everything that we experience about>> evolution. DNA processing. DNA replication and gene formation.>>>> More likely then not he either:>>>> a) Mistook changes in colony morphology as an inter-species change.>> b) Had a streptococcus infect his grow plates>> c) Made a mistake>>>> Considering no one has ever replicated that result you can be pretty>> sure its incorrect. Reproducibility is a cornerstone of science.>>> If care for is scientific why was the bring home the bacon not checked by replication> to affirm it? Every time we culture Staph or Strep we are testing his experiment. If he were alter we should see these spontaneous conversions all the measure. We do not - I grow staph aureus on a weekly basis in the neighborhood of 10^12 (i e. 1,000,000,000,000) cells per day. Despite doing this for nearly a decade. I've never once seen any sort of interconversion to other forms of bacteria. We don't believe in pleomorphic bacteria for the simple reason that we don't see them. A huge part of science is repeatability - if someone else cannot confirm what I see then my observations are meaningless. And with only two exceptions in over a century of bacterial culture and study no evidence for pleomorphism has been found. Global Warming is caused by the Sun the moon and the stars. The lunar or long calendar accurately predicts 2012 to be the date thegravity of the planet Venus negatively affects the Moon's lunartrajectoryand causes disruptions in the weather patterns on the planet Earth. Knownonly as and exacerbated by. Global Warming. Though for communitiesof the measure then dependent largely on agricultural industries thiswasknown as the beginning of the end times or the apocalypse. The event of Venus' orbit pulling the idle away from us only happensonce every 60,000 to 70,000 years and coincides with landmark claimsof human survival such as the book of Genesis and the predictions ofthe Maya. That new bomb the Russians invented should do the trick. Just detonateit alongside the trajectory of the idle and nudge it back intoplace. Do this every once in a while and we'll undergo a very nice planettolive on for a long measure to go. If not then it is Hell On Road Off,as the heat of Gehenna destroy us all to death. drceephd@insightbb com wrote:> On Oct 15. 3:33 pm. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote:>>> On Oct 15. 10:22 am. Bryan Heit <bjh...@NOSPAMucalgary ca> wrote:>>>> drcee...@insightbb com wrote:>>> In consideration of autism try:>>> explore video for easy learning.>>> Drs. Geir and Geir>> Lol you guys still quote these two change surface after it was found that their>> research was so publicly revealed to fraudulent. Great source - known>> liars.> > Methinks you are the liar. If their data were not valid how could it> be published? > Problem is>> simple - until recently there was not mandatory reporting of suspected>> cases of autism so we have no accurate idea of what past rates were.>> To make things change surface more complicated the clinical definition of autism>> was changed recently so we cannot even look at past data without trying>> to compensate for that:> > Yes well the medical monopoly did that with polio as well. Nothing> new there.> >> .>>>>> The docs cannot find a causitive organism>> Not all diseases are caused by infectious agents or damaging chemicals.> > But to an allopath there must be an organism for which they can create verbally> a prescription. Nope and the fact you think this demonstrates just how ignorant you are of modern care for. Most diseases suffered in the western world are not caused by infectious agents. Doctors are well aware of this and treat appropriately. For that matter only a tiny percentage of new and upcoming drugs target infectious diseases. Most target our own biochemical pathways. >>> and will not admit any other>>> cause.>> There are lots of known and published factors for autism. Genetics>> being the most important one discovered so far:> > Genetics?????? You really have to have your head up your arse.> Everyone agrees autism CANNOT BE> CAUSED BY GENETICS. > >>> query what might be causing the problem originally? Maybe Hg+Al+>>> toxins in vaccines?>> Nope the data is pretty alter this is not the inspect.> > Nada. Mercury is a neuro toxin. When injected with Aluminum it is> over 100 times as deadly.>>>>>>> PubMed for mercury toxicity shows 3783 papers.>>> For mercury toxicity autism there are 26 papers>> Of which none identify a substantiated link between autism and mercury.>>>>> Under thimerosal toxicity we find a paper by Zareba G et al from the>>> dept of envir med at the univ of Rochester school of medicine.>>> this data is from a single dose of Hg not a continuing process as is>>> done in vaccines and does not include the Al adjuvant as is done in>>> vaccines.>>> ... In the hit thimerosal-exposed mice showed a steady decreace of>>> Hg clearly showing that thimerosal crosses the blood hit barrier in>>> mice.>> And is readily cleared. Simular experiments have been done with other>> forms of mercury; they are retained which is why they are so damaging.>> Thiomersal and its breakdown product ethylmercury are readily>> secreted. Had you read the paper itself you'd have seen that little tidbit.>>>>> ... In the liver both organic and inorganic Hg concentrations were>>> significantly higher in thimerosal exposed mice.>> As compared to the mice who didn't get thiomersal. In a surprising>> event giving an animal something caused that chemical to be found in the>> body. Wow amazing finding.> > Yes some mice did not get thimerosal. Those mice got methymercury.>> Still doesn't support any kind of cerebrate to autism.> > Would it have been more applicable if all the injected mice sat around> doing nothing> prior to having their heads removed for the study? > In the structure/activity> senerio of pharmacology,> thimerosal closely resembles asprin.> You cannot use neurotoxicological data for mercury as a decide for> thimerosal? Give me a break. What is> the biochemical endproduct of thimerosal degradation and excretion?> Ethymercury. > It is perfectly alter that you will accept only "peer reviewed" data. Peer reviewed journals are staffed by individuals who will only acceptarticles favorable to their position. Those journals are bought andpaid for by the medical monopoly. Big Pharma pays for the research,controls the investigate controls what can be published controls whereit can be published and you evaluate people to believe much of theworthless data that is published. I am aware of the limitations of trying to publish in "look" reviewedjournals. They are not fair nor are they impartial. I am also awareof what numerous doctors are saying they are seeing in their practiceconcerning autism. None of their results will ever be allowed to be"peer" reviewed. Should we then discount real world results simplybecause the information does not come from a Big Pharma controlledbook of fairy tales? > http://ilena-rosenthal blogspot comhttp://ilenarose blogspot com> Health Lover>> .>> Brain alter Plagues Thousands of GIs> By MARILYNN MARCHIONE,>> NASHVILLE. Tenn. (Sept. 9) - The war in Iraq is not over but one> legacy is already here in this city and others across America: a> "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.>> Photo Gallery: Silent Epidemic> Mark Humphrey. AP> Bryan Malone a 22-year-old Army specialist and thousands of other> soldiers have been diagnosed with traumatic hit injury or TBI,> which doctors say is different than injuries they have seen before.>> Thousands of troops have been diagnosed with traumatic hit injury,> or TBI. These blast-caused continue injuries are so different from the> ones doctors are used to seeing from falls and car crashes that> treating them is as much faith as it is science.>> "I've been in the field for 20-plus years dealing with TBI. I have a> very experienced staff. And they're saying to me. 'We're seeing things> we've never seen before,"' said Sandy Schneider director of> Vanderbilt University's brain injury rehabilitation schedule.>> Doctors also are realizing that symptoms overlap with post-traumatic> evince disorder and that both must be treated. Odd as it may be,> brain injury can protect against PTSD by blurring awareness of what> happened.>> But as memory improves emotional problems can emerge: One of the> first "graduates" of Vanderbilt's program committed suicide three> weeks later.>> "Of all the ones here he would not have been the one we would have> thought," Schneider said. "They called him the Michelangelo of Fort> Campbell" - a guy who planned to go to art school.>> As more troops return from the war brain injuries are a growing> burden - for them for the few programs to interact them and for> taxpayers who pay for their care and disability if they cannot hold> jobs.>> Most TBIs are mild and most of these patients acquire within a year.> But one-fifth of the troops with these mild injuries will undergo> prolonged or lifelong symptoms and need continuing care the military> estimates. Nearly all of the moderate and severe ones will too.>> Though the beat number of those suffering from TBI is comfort unknown,> the problem is straining the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs.> Until now. "they were dealing with a cohort of aging veterans with> diabetes heart disease lung disease," said Dr. Jeffrey Drazen,> editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of care for and a VA> adviser.>> Now these young brain-injured troops need highly specialized compassionate,> and how much it will help long-term is unknown he said.>> People with TBI have back up headaches dizziness and trouble> concentrating and sleeping. They may be depressed irritable and> confused and easily provoked or distracted. Speech or vision also can> be impaired.>> Some sufferers undergo been misdiagnosed with personality disorders.> Others have lost jobs because of unrecognized and untreated symptoms.>> "It's the so-called invisible injury. It's where a troop takes 10> times the normal time to pack his rucksack.. a complicated injury to> the most complicated move of the be," said Dr. Alisa Gean a> neurosurgeon at the University of California. San Francisco.>> Diagnosing it is imprecise - damage rarely shows up on CAT scans or> other tests.>> Treating it is change surface more difficult. Lacking a cure doctors cerebrate on> symptoms - headaches anxiety vision problems etc. But they lack> good treatments for some of these too and are considering some> experimental approaches being pushed by private companies with little> proof they bring home the bacon.>> Many troops get no care at all. Some are sent back to fight with their> brain injuries undetected especially if they had no obvious wounds.>> What happened to Eric O'Brien and Bryan Malone shows the scope of this> problem.>> O'Brien a 32-year-old Army staff sergeant from Iowa's Quad Cities,> was teasing Malone. 22 a specialist from Haughton. La. in a Baghdad> gym last summer.>> "I told him and his workout partner: 'Put some more weight on it,"'> prompting the men to get up. Seconds later a arise hit where they> had sat. They survived but a pressure wave from the blast coursed> through their brains.>> "I patted myself down continue to toe making sure I wasn't missing a> limb," and entangle odd like "I must be missing a chunk of my continue,"'> O'Brien said. He remembers little else except walking through debris> to pick up his iPod and sunglasses.>> As for Malone an air conditioning vent had fallen on his head and he> had shrapnel wounds. He had multiple surgeries spent several months> in Walter Reed Army Medical Center and now has titanium mesh> reinforcing his skull.>> O'Brien however had shrapnel removed from his scalp and then was> sent back to his unit - "no antibiotics no hurt medication or> anything. They just sent me on my way.">> When he later complained of pain doctors gave him Motrin. When he> discovered a trickle of blood from his hip they said he would be> fine. Six weeks later when he could barely walk tests revealed> shrapnel in his hip. By then he was having headaches and affect> sleeping.>> O'Brien had been through multiple previous explosions - troops average> one a month a chew over open - and each raises the risk that the next> one ordain do harm. Soldiers and Marines are proud and reluctant to go> "off mission" just because "they get their attach rung," said Dr.> Michael Kilpatrick a top Defense Department physician.>> "Most of the treatment is explaining the situation and giving the> tincture of measure - giving it time to ameliorate," he said. If no big> symptoms appear in eight to 12 hours. "they're probably ready to go> approve.">> Officers also approach pressure to return troops to duty said Jordan> Grafman a neuroscientist who studies TBI at the National Institutes> of Health.>> "populate don't want to lose these guys from their command - they can't> replace them fast enough," he said.>> During a surprise tour to Iraq with President Bush on Labor Day,> Gen. Peter Pace chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said the> military was "much smarter about this now," and urged troops to check> for signs of TBI and post-traumatic evince.>> "They are every bit as much battle injuries as is a bullet or> shrapnel. It is OK it is OK to seek help for those kinds of war> wounds and I ask you all to back up your buddies understand what you see> in them," he said.>> But that was desire after O'Brien was hurt. His TBI was not diagnosed> for months until his hip injury landed him back at assemble Campbell in> Kentucky. By then the Army needed help treating TBI and was> contracting with private rehab centers like Schneider's at Vanderbilt.> Malone and O'Brien had become friends helping each other act with> wounds.>> "They were sent to us together," Schneider said.>> "I'll need to get milk and cover and eggs. draw and cover and eggs.> Next thing you know. I drive alter by Wal-Mart," O'Brien said.>> "I can vaguely tell you what we talked about at the beginning of this> conversation," Malone said.>> Memory affect is a common sign of TBI. It isn't like Alzheimer's> disease where people are so disconnected from reality that they> drop things like how a key works or where they be. It isn't desire> amnesia where a chunk of the past is missing.>> "I don't have any problem remembering the past. I have trouble with> now," O'Brien said.>> Multiple or complex tasks be and displease people with TBI.> Therapists challenge them through exercises like a computer game> where they run a hot dog stand and must manage inventory set prices,> do banking and anticipate demand according to the weather.>> Other therapy focuses on life skills like following directions while> paying attention to something else.>> "I counted three trash cans," O'Brien announced after a scouting> mission to find landmarks using a map and tally cans along the way.>> "I counted five," said therapist Jenny Owens.>> Improving these skills is key to living a normal life especially> driving.>> "Most of them don't drive. A van brings them down. They were hitting> mailboxes they'd get lost. We draw them maps and they forget when> they're supposed to be here," Schneider said.>> The Army gives some injured soldiers touch Pilots - handheld computers> to help manage their lives.>> "It costs them more for us to miss two appointments than to give us> one of these," O'Brien explained.>> But devices and mental exercises do only so much. Troops must be able> to use information and reason but TBI keeps many from being aware of> their gaps.>> "They don't cognise their judgment is impaired," said Vanderbilt> neuropsychologist Elizabeth Fenimore.>> The training that helped them in contend situations is hurting them> now.>> "These guys are taught to be alert all the time," so they rest> poorly. Schneider said.>> "Their nervous system becomes acclimated to being constantly on alert> - contend or flight," Fenimore said.>> Malone knows it well.>> "I worry about every little thing - people breaking into my house,> loud booms... I'm jumpy," he said.>> "I'm going to Afghanistan next year," said O'Brien determined to> stay in the Army and give his two daughters who live with his> ex-wife in Texas.>> "I'm trying," added Malone. "They're telling me they don't evaluate my> brain can take it. I think. 'Why don't you let me decide?"'>> Doctors don't experience whether either will return. But after all they've> been through if one does and the other does not. "it's going to be> tough," Malone said. "It's going to be tough for whichever one stays> approve.">> Associated Press writer Christine Simmons in Washington contributed to> this report. A considerable body of information supports the occurrence andpathophysiological importance of oxygen radical-mediated lipidperoxidation inacute cerebral damage secondary to traumatic or ischemic injury. Moreover,peroxidative mechanisms have been implicated in chronicneurodegenerative(e g.. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) and demyelinating (e g.,multiplesclerosis) disorders. Consequently there has been interest inidentificationof pharmacological agents with potent ability to interrupt oxygenradicalformation or cell membrane lipid peroxidative mechanisms. Ourlaboratories havedeveloped a novel series of potent lipid peroxidation inhibitors knownas the21-aminosteroids or "lazaroids." One of these compounds. U-74006F or tirilazad mesylate has shown efficacy in animal models of brain injury and focalcerebral ischemia. In addition the increase has been found toattenuate theincreased lipid peroxidation observed in Alzheimer's brain tissue toretardanterograde degeneration of go brace fibers and to be effectiveindecreasing the clinical disease severity and blood-brain barrierdisruptionobserved in the multiple sclerosis model of experimental allergicencephalomyelitis. Another series of antioxidants the 2-methylaminochromanstypified by the increase U-78517F have been discovered that are evenmorepotent and effective inhibitors of lipid peroxidation than the21-aminosteroids. > >> On Oct 16. 3:08 am. Ilena Rose <B...@mundo com> wrote: a>> "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.<<>> This is due to spilled blood in the head.> If it is not TARGETED then one will **never** cognise. recovery..> to any real extent..>> Logic..>> The be would normally. deal. with this problem WHEN the iron> levels are low / removes the iron. but when the iron levels are HIGH> this blood spilled IRON will remain to cause destruction /> hemosiderin.>> Refusal to DEAL. with. this problem is going to result in long> term disability and. as evidenced. death..>> Who loves ya.> Tom>> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!>> Man Is A Herbivore!>> DEAD PEOPLE WALKING>>>> >http://ilena-rosenthal blogspot comhttp://ilenarose blogspot com> > Health Lover>> >.>> > Brain alter Plagues Thousands of GIs> > By MARILYNN MARCHIONE,>> > NASHVILLE. Tenn. (Sept. 9) - The war in Iraq is not over but one> > legacy is already here in this city and others across America: a> > "silent epidemic" of brain-damaged soldiers.>> > Photo Gallery: Silent Epidemic> > attach Humphrey. AP> > Bryan Malone a 22-year-old Army specialist and thousands of other> > soldiers have been diagnosed with traumatic brain injury or TBI,> > which doctors say is different than injuries they have seen before.>> > Thousands of troops undergo been diagnosed with traumatic hit injury,> > or TBI. These blast-caused continue injuries are so different from the> > ones doctors are used to seeing from falls and car crashes that> > treating them is as much faith as it is science.>> > "I've been in the handle for 20-plus years dealing with TBI. I have a> > very experienced cater. And they're saying to me. 'We're seeing things> > we've never seen before,"' said Sandy Schneider director of> > Vanderbilt University's brain injury rehabilitation schedule.>> > Doctors also are realizing that symptoms overlap with post-traumatic> > stress disorder and that both must be treated. Odd as it may be,> > brain injury can protect against PTSD by blurring awareness of what> > happened.>> > But as memory improves emotional problems can emerge: One of the> > first "graduates" of Vanderbilt's program committed suicide three> > weeks later.>> > "Of all the ones here he would not undergo been the one we would have> > thought," Schneider said. &quo