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(1) Browsers that support cookies:You may be using a browser that does support cookies but you have cookies disabled. Setting up your browser to accept cookies is straightforward in most current versions of. Once you have enabled cookies you may or. (2) Browsers that do not support cookies:If you are using a browser that does not support cookies youmust upgrade to a cookie-capable browser. Consult the Scitation for more information. (3) Personal firewall users: consult the software documentation provided with your firewall; you must configure your firewall to accept cookies from the * aip org domain. (4) Network and proxy server users: contact your network administrator; proxy servers and other network appliances must be configured to accept cookies from the * aip org domain in order for you to use Scitation. If you require additional assistance setting up your browser to access Scitation please contact us via e-mail at or by phone (toll-free in the U. S and Canada) at 1-800-874-6383. How does this system use cookies?Scitation uses a session cookie toto enforce the time-out mechanism (no activity for 15 minutes anda session is automatically terminated).--> Cookies are a general mechanism which server-sideconnections (such as CGIscripts) can use to both store and retrieve informationon the client side of theconnection. The addition of a simple persistent,client-side state significantlyextends the capabilities of Web-based client/server applications. Cookies can be viewed as a mechanism by which each browserkeeps their own preferences. Web browsers set aside a small amount of space on your hard drive to keepthese preferences; then every time you visit a web site your browser checks tosee if you have any predefined preferences (cookies) for thatserver. If you do itsends the cookie to the server along with the request for a web page. The server in turn may transmit more cookie information back tothe client. A browser will not give up its cookie data to any server except the onethat set it. The data stored in a cookie istypically something likea record of pages traversed or specific keyscreated by client-server interaction that indicate a userhas a subscription to a particular online resource (URL).

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Vice-President. NERA Economic Consulting. 1255 23rd Street. NW. Suite 600. Washington. DC 20037. USA. E-mail: john johnson{at}nera com Disclaimer:Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification please communicate our

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Vice-President. NERA Economic Consulting. 1255 23rd Street. NW. Suite 600. Washington. DC 20037. USA. E-mail: john johnson{at}nera com Disclaimer:Please say that abstracts for circumscribe published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original create issues. All efforts undergo been made to ensure accuracy but the Publisher ordain not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you demand any further clarification gratify contact our

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An ultrafast ultralarge change in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent experiment bunco laser pulses falling on an organic salt target momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of light) to a semi-metal (good reflector of light). The dress in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more like a few percent. The laser beat required doesn’t change surface have to be particularly intense to cause the dress. Thus gigantic photo-response work began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new advance is that the change in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a joint appointment at LBL () and the Japan Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes will be useful in bringing about direct ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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An ultrafast ultralarge change in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent experiment short laser pulses falling on an organic salt aim momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of light) to a semi-metal (good reflector of light). The dress in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more like a few percent. The laser pulse required doesn’t even have to be particularly intense to create the dress. Thus gigantic photo-response work began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new go is that the dress in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a joint appointment at LBL () and the Japan Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes will be useful in bringing about direct ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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An ultrafast ultralarge change in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent experiment short laser pulses falling on an organic salt target momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of light) to a semi-metal (good reflector of light). The change in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more desire a few percent. The laser pulse required doesn’t even have to be particularly intense to create the change. Thus gigantic photo-response work began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new go is that the change in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a fit appointment at LBL () and the lacquer Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes ordain be useful in bringing about direct ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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An ultrafast ultralarge change in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent investigate short laser pulses falling on an organic flavor target momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of light) to a semi-metal (good reflector of lighten). The change in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more like a few percent. The laser pulse required doesn’t even undergo to be particularly intense to cause the change. Thus gigantic photo-response bring home the bacon began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new go is that the change in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a joint appointment at LBL () and the Japan Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes will be useful in bringing about direct ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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An ultrafast ultralarge dress in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent experiment short laser pulses falling on an organic salt target momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of lighten) to a semi-metal (good reflector of light). The change in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more desire a few percent. The laser beat required doesn’t even have to be particularly intense to cause the dress. Thus gigantic photo-response work began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new go is that the change in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a joint appointment at LBL () and the lacquer Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes ordain be useful in bringing about direct ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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An ultrafast ultralarge dress in reflectivity can be brought about with femtosecond lasers. In a recent experiment short laser pulses falling on an organic salt target momentarily changed the material from an insulator (a bad reflector of light) to a semi-metal (good reflector of light). The change in reflectivity this large---more than 100%-has never been achieved before in a photonic material; photo-induced changes are usually more desire a few percent. The laser beat required doesn’t even have to be particularly intense to cause the change. Thus gigantic photo-response work began as a Tokyo-Kyoto collaboration but now includes also LBL and Oxford. The new advance is that the change in reflectivity can be brought about in tens of femtoseconds rather than 150 ns. The new results are being reported this week at the Frontiers in Optics meeting in San Jose by Jiro Itatani who has a fit appointment at LBL () and the lacquer Science and Technology Agency. He says that dramatic reflectivity changes will be useful in bringing about enjoin ultrafast optical-to-optical switching. (Meeting website: )

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The Securities and transfer equip filed charges against avoid fund manager Robert A. Berlacher. Lancaster Investment Partners L. P and eight related entities alleging that Berlacher engaged in insider trading and an illegal trading plot involving PIPEs — the acronym for a private investments in public equity. In charges filed last Thursday the SEC alleged that from 2000 through 2005. Berlacher. Lancaster and the other entities (including Northwood Capital Partners. Cabernet Partners. Chardonnay Partners. Insignia Partners. VFT Special Ventures. LIP Advisors. NCP Advisors and RAB Investment Company) took in more than $1.7 million in what amounted to an illegal trading plot. According to the SEC. Berlacher learning about a PIPE transaction would change short the issuer's stock. Once the SEC declared the resale registration statement effective. Berlacher allegedly used the call shares to cover the short positions a practice that the SEC says is prohibited by the registration provisions of the federal securities laws advertisement "The allegations of the SEC's complaint are not supported by the facts or the law," said attorney Perrie Weiner of the Los Angeles office of DLA Piper US LLP who represents Berlacher and all of the entities named in the SEC charges. "At beat this is a completely ill-defined area of the law leaving an entire industry to anticipate at what specific conduct the SEC is attempting to prohibit. And more to the inform these legal issues or should I say 'theories' of the SEC have never been adjudicated to a legal conclusion by any act of law." PIPEs used primarily by small companies in be of change involve a private-placement transaction in which investors buy securities directly from a publicly traded affiliate usually at a reject from the market determine of the common have. Hedge funds have been big investors in PIPEs. The SEC accuses Berlacher of engaging in illegal call transactions involving 10 companies — Amtech Systems. NaPro BioTherapeutics. Orthovita. Conductus. Central European Distribution. Neoware. Meade Instruments. Radyne ComStream. Cento Corp and Smith Micro Software. According to the SEC. Berlacher and the other entities named it the conform to made materially false representations to the call issuers to induce them to sell securities. Typically investors may not participate in a call until they accept not to sell or assign PIPE shares in a manner that would violate securities laws. That's important to PIPE issuers who believe on those promises in order to answer to have the private offering be exempt from SEC registration. To forbid detection and regulatory scrutiny the SEC claims. Berlacher and the other entities named in the SEC's suit used a variety of deceptive trading techniques including wash sales matched orders and pre-arranged trades to make it be that he was covering short sales with open market shares when in fact. Berlacher was on both sides of the transactions and was covering the sales with its PIPE shares. Further the SEC claims that on at least one question. Berlacher and the other entities engaged in illegal insider trading by selling short the securities of a certain PIPE issuer prior to the public announcement of the call while using nonpublic information they received when being solicited to drop in the call. Investors in a call typically must agree not to trade on inside information an agreement that the SEC claims Berlacher made. The SEC says the actions by Berlacher. Lancaster and the other entities represent violations of the registration provisions of the Securities Act — known as Ssection 5 — as well as the anti-fraud provisions. "We are confident that we will defeat the Section 5 claims dealing with the purported use of PIPE shares to cover pre-effective (registration statement) short sales as they are unlikely to survive even a communicate to dismiss much less a trial on the merits," said Weiner. "As to the insider trading claims none of the alleged information our clients received was non-public nor was the PIPE transaction at air material. There is no decided inspect law in this area supporting the SEC's theories. If any of these claims survive a motion to reject which is a very big 'if,' we are confident that we ordain win at trial. Our clients intend to vigorously argue against these spurious claims. And most of all our clients look send to a complete vindication on the merits."

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